Present
GPS(Garmin 75). Spatial extent of maerl 319ha. Impacted site.
University Marine Biological Station Millport, Scotland
Dr Jason Hall-Spencer.BIOMAERL: MAERL BIODIVERSITY.FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE AND ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS.FINAL REPORT 1999.
Lithothamnion corallioides (P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan) P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1867.; Name in original file:Lithothamnion corallioides
box-corer & vertical box-corer sampler, Van Veen grabs, water samples, ring dredge samples,resin casting samples.
The corallines Phymatolithon calcareum, Lithothamnion corallioides and L.minervae are important maerl-constituent species in the Atlantic and in the Mediterranean.; Name in original file:Phymatolithon calcareum
Name in original file:Calliactis parasitica
Name in original file:Adamsia carcinipados
Name in original file:Halcampa chrysanthellum
Name in original file:Golfingia elongata
Name in original file:Phascolion strombus
Name in original file:Thalassema thalassemum
Name in original file:Chrysopetalum debile
Name in original file:Aphrodita aculeata
Name in original file:Alentia gelatinosa
Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856.; Name in original file:Harmothoe sp. Kinberg, 1855
Name in original file:Harmothoe extenuata
Name in original file:Harmothoe ljungmani
Harmothoe lunulata (Delle Chiaje, 1830).; Name in original file:Harmothoe lunulata (Chiaje, 1841)
Name in original file:Harmothoe spinifera
Sthenelais boa (Johnston, 1833).; Name in original file:Sthenelais boa (Johnston, 1839)
Name in original file:Pseudomystides limbata
Glycera Lamarck, 1818.; Name in original file:Glycera sp.
At station USL among the most conspicuous species was the polychaete Glycera gigantea.; Name in original file:Glycera gigantea
Glycera tesselata Grube, 1840.; Name in original file:Glycera tesselata Grube, 1863
Name in original file:Glycera tridactyla
Glycera unicornis Lamarck, 1818.; Name in original file:Glycera unicornis Savigny
Name in original file:Kefersteinia cirrata
Name in original file:Ophiodromus flexuosus
Name in original file:Ehlersia ferrugina
Ehlersia garciai (Campoy, 1982).; Name in original file:Ehlersia garciai Campoy, 1981
Name in original file:Typosyllis hyalina
Name in original file:Typosyllis prolifera
Name in original file:Pionosyllis pulligera
Name in original file:Sphaerosyllis bulbosa
Name in original file:Sphaerosyllis hystrix
Sphaerosyllis taylori Perkins, 1981.; Name in original file:Sphaerosyllis taylori Perkins, 1980
Name in original file:Platynereis dumerilii
Name in original file:Euphrosine foliosa
Name in original file:Aponuphis bilineata
It was not a very abundant species and was only present at the control site (as a consequence of its trophic habits, preferentially based on predation?).; Name in original file:Eunice vittata
Name in original file:Lumbrineris coccinea
Name in original file:Lumbrineris gracilis
Lumbrineris latreilli Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1834.; Name in original file:Lumbrineris latreilli Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833
Lumbrineris tetraura is another of the occasional species only found at the impacted site.; Name in original file:Lumbrineris tetraura
Name in original file:Protodorvillea kefersteini
Name in original file:Orbinia latreillii
Name in original file:Poecilochaetus serpens
Aonides oxycephala is one of the few key species to be found only at the impacted site and there in very high numbers. Suspended organic matter derived from the extensive mussel raft culture where this site is located must have created conditions conducive to the high numbers of this species in the area.; Name in original file:Aonides oxycephala
Name in original file:Aonides paucibranchiata
Name in original file:Boccardia polybranchia
Malacoceros fuliginosus (Claparède, 1870).; Name in original file:Malacoceros fuliginosus (Claparède, 1870)
Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1869).; Name in original file:Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1870)
Spio filicornis (Müller, 1776).; Name in original file:Spio filicornis (O.F.Müller, 1766)
Name in original file:Magelona mirabilis
Name in original file:Chaetopterus variopedatus
Telepsavus costarum Claparède, 1869.; Name in original file:Telepsavus costarum Claparède, 1868
Name in original file:Caulleriella alata
Name in original file:Caulleriella bioculata
Name in original file:Cirratulus cirratus
Name in original file:Cirriformia tentaculata
Name in original file:Dodecaceria concharum
Name in original file:Diplocirrus glaucus
Name in original file:Capitella capitata
Mediomastus fragilis was consistently present throughout the two-year period of study.This species contributed some of the highest numbers, compared with the rest of the key species characterizing the impacted site.; Name in original file:Mediomastus fragilis
Name in original file:Notomastus latericeus
Name in original file:Euclymene lumbricoides
Name in original file:Euclymene oerstedii
Name in original file:Praxillella praetermissa
Ophelia bicornis Savigny, 1822.; Name in original file:Ophelia bicornis Savigny, 1818
Name in original file:Scalibregma inflatum
Name in original file:Polygordius lacteus
Protodrilus Hatschek, 1881.; Name in original file:Protodrilus sp. Hatschek, 1882
Melinna palmata Grube, 1870.; Name in original file:Melinna palmata Grube, 1869
Ampharete grubei Malmgren, 1865.; Name in original file:Ampharete grubei (Malmgren, 1866)
Name in original file:Amphicteis gunneri
Name in original file:Terebellides stroemi
Amphitrite cirrata Müller, 1776.; Name in original file:Amphitrite cirrata O.F.Müller, 1771
Name in original file:Eupolymnia nebulosa
Name in original file:Eupolymnia nesidensis
Name in original file:Neoamphitrite figulus
Name in original file:Parathelepus collaris
Name in original file:Amphiglena mediterranea
Name in original file:Megalomma vesiculosum
Name in original file:Hydroides norvegica
Name in original file:Pomatoceros triqueter
Serpula Linnaeus, 1758.; Name in original file:Serpula sp. Linnaeus, 1767
Name in original file:Serpula vermicularis
Name in original file:Spirorbis spirorbis
Achelia hispida Hodge, 1864.; Name in original file:Achelia hispida Hodge, 1865
Achelia laevis Hodge, 1864.; Name in original file:Achelia laevis Hodge, 1866
Name in original file: Callipallene phantoma
Name in original file:Anoplodactylus petiolatus
Name in original file:Anoplodactylus virescens
Apherusa bispinosa (Spence Bate, 1857).; Name in original file:Apherusa bispinosa (Bate, 1856)
Name in original file:Calliopius laeviusculus
Monoculodes carinatus (Spence Bate, 1857).; Name in original file:Monoculodes carinatus (Bate, 1856)
Name in original file:Synchelidium maculatum
Name in original file:Leucothoe lilljeborgi
Name in original file:Leucothoe spinicarpa
Name in original file:Harpinia antennaria
Name in original file:Harpinia pectinata
Harpinia serrata G. O. Sars, 1879.; Name in original file:Harpinia serrata G. 0. Sars. 1885
Name in original file:Metaphoxus pectinatus
Name in original file:Parametaphoxus fultoni
Name in original file:Phoxocephalus holbolli
Name in original file:Tryphosella horingi
Name in original file:Ampelisca brevicornis
Name in original file:Ampelisca toulemonti
Name in original file:Abludomelita gladiosa
Name in original file:Abludomelita obtusata
Name in original file:Ceradocus semisseratus
Name in original file:Cheirocratus intermedius
Name in original file:Gammarella fucicola
M. othonis is a surface deposit-feeder which has only been found at the impacted site in our study.; Name in original file:Maera othonis
Name in original file:Ampithoe gammaroides
Ampithoe rubricata (Montagu, 1818).; Name in original file:Ampithoe rubricata (Montagu, 1808)
Name in original file:Photis longicaudata
Ericthonius brasiliensis (Dana, 1853).; Name in original file:Ericthonius brasiliensis (Dana. 1852)
Name in original file:Ischyrocerus anguipes
Jassa marmorata Holmes, 1905.; Name in original file:Jassa marmorata S J Holmes, 1903
That Aora gracilis was only found at the impacted site may be a consequence of its trophic behaviour on this site being directed to non-selective deposit-feeding more than suspension-feeding.; Name in original file:Aora gracilis
A few species, e.g. the sea urchin Echinocyamus pusillus (O.F.Müller, the amphipods Leptocheirus hirsutimanus (Bate) and the crab Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant), occurred in all (or nearly all) of the BIOMAERL study sites, but the majority of species have geographical limits between different regions considered.; Name in original file:Leptocheirus hirsutimanus
Name in original file:Leptocheirus pectinatus
Name in original file:Microdeutopus anomalus
Name in original file:Microdeutopus damnoniensis
Name in original file:Corophium curvispinum
Name in original file:Aeginina longicornis
Name in original file:Caprella acanthifera
Name in original file:Parvipalpus capillaceus
Paranthura costana Spence Bate & Westwood, 1866.; Name in original file:Paranthura costana Spence Bate & Westwood, 1868
Name in original file:Sphaeroma rugicauda
Janira maculosa Leach, 1814.; Name in original file:Janira maculosa Leach. 1813
Apseudes latreillii is, together with Aonides oxycephala, one of the few species that only occurred at the impacted site, and then in very high abundances.; Name in original file:Apseudes latreillii
Name in original file:Palaemonetes varians
Name in original file:Diogenes pugilator
On each ground, video and direct observations by divers revealed that several species rapidly aggregated to feed along the dredge tracks including crabs (Liocarcinus depurator, Necora púber, Pagurus bernhardus).; Name in original file:Pagurus bernhardus
Name in original file:Galathea intermedia
It was locally very abundant on maerl grounds. Its abundance was four times higher on the impacted ground than on the control, related to the presence of mussel rafts at the impacted site, perhaps due to the the generation of shell debris for shelter.; Name in original file:Pisidia longicornis
Name in original file:Inachus dorsettensis
Name in original file:Macropodia rostrata
Name in original file:Atelecyclus rotundatus
Name in original file:Atelecyclus undecimdentatus
Name in original file:Liocarcinus arcuatus
At station USL the most conspicuous species were the polychaete Glycera gigantea, the sea cucumber Cucumaria normanna, the porcelain crab Pisidia longicornis, the bivalve Abra alba and the crab Liocarcinus corrugatus, together with nereid polychaetes.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus corrugatus
Liocarcinus pusillus (Leach, 1816).; Name in original file:Liocarcinus pusillus (Leach, 1815)
Name in original file:Pilumnus hirtellus
At the impacted site, L. cancellatus was less constantly present nor consistently abundant.; Name in original file:Leptochiton cancellatus
Name in original file:Callochiton septemvalvis
Name in original file:Acanthochitona echinata
Name in original file:Acanthochitona crinita
Name in original file:Acanthochitona fascicularis
Jujubinus exasperatus was found at low abundances in both control and impacted. This gastropod is a herbivore and micrograzer on surface films of microscopic algae.; Name in original file:Jujubinus exasperatus
Name in original file:Jujubinus miliaris
Name in original file:Tectura testudinalis
Name in original file:Helcion pellucidum
Name in original file:Turritella communis
Name in original file:Alvania cimicoides
Name in original file:Caecum imperforatum
Name in original file:Calyptraea chinensis
Name in original file:Crepidula fornicata
Name in original file:Polinices pulchellus
Name in original file:Vitreolina philippi
Name in original file:Berthelina citrina
Name in original file:Aeolidia papillosa
Dentalium novemcostatum Lamarck, 1818.; Name in original file:Dentalium novemcostatum
Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758).; Name in original file:Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1778)
Name in original file:Glycymeris glycymeris
Name in original file:Modiolus adriaticus
Name in original file:Pododesmus patelliformis
Name in original file:Tellimya ferruginosa
Name in original file:Parvicardium minimum
Name in original file:Parvicardium ovale
Name in original file:Clausinella fasciata
Name in original file:Thracia phaseolina
Name in original file:Marthasterias glacialis
Name in original file:Ophiothrix fragilis
Name in original file:Amphiura filiformis
Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828).; Name in original file:Amphipholis squamata
Name in original file:Paracentrotus lividus
among the animals, only a few species like Echinocyamus pusillus and Galathea intermedia were present at all BIOMAERL sites investigated.; Name in original file:Echinocyamus pusillus
Name in original file:Echinocardium cordatum
Leptopentacta elongata (Düben & Koren, 1846).; Name in original file:Leptopentacta elongata (Düben & Koren, 1845)
Name in original file:Leptosynapta inhaerens
Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1774) /The lancelet Branchiostoma lanceolatum has been recorded as a species forming its own biocoenosis in fine oxygenated sands (Sánchez-Mata, 1996) named Amphioxus sands.; Name in original file:Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1776)
Name in original file:Ascidiella aspersa
GPS(Garmin 75). Spatial extent of maerl 351ha. Control site.
Among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Atlantic sites investigated by BIOMAERL.; Name in original file:Jania rubens
Name in original file:Cruoria cruoriaeformis
Name in original file:Halarachnion lingulatum
Name in original file:Gracilaria gracilis
Name in original file:Gracilaria multipartita
Name in original file:Plocamium cartilagineum
among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Atlantic sites investigated by BIOMAERL.; Name in original file:Callithamnion corymbosum
Name in original file:Spyridia filamentosa
Cryptopleura ramosa (Hudson) L.Newton, 1931 / among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Atlantic sites investigated by BIOMAERL.; Name in original file:Cryptopleura ramosa (Hudson) Kylin ex Lily Newton
Among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Atlantic sites investigated by BIOMAERL.; Name in original file:Chondria dasyphylla
only Dictyota dichotoma figures as an important non-coralline algal species on maerl beds in both provinces (Atlantic and Mediterranean).; Name in original file:Dictyota dichotoma
Among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Atlantic sites investigated by BIOMAERL.; Name in original file:Gomontia polyrhiza
Suberites ficus (Johnston, 1842).; Name in original file:Suberites ficus (Linnaeus. 1767)
Name in original file:Cerianthus lloydii
Name in original file:Cereus pedunculatus
Pisione Grube, 1857.; Name in original file:Pisione sp. Grube, 1856
Harmothoe glabra (Malmgren, 1866).; Name in original file:Harmothoe glabra (Malmgren, 1865)
Name in original file:Lepidonotus squamatus
Name in original file:Polynoe scolopendrina
Name in original file:Pholoe synophthalmica
Psammolyce arenosa (Delle Chiaje, 1830).; Name in original file:Psammolyce arenosa (Chiaje, 1841)
Name in original file:Anaitides maculata
Name in original file:Nereiphylla paretti
Name in original file:Nereiphylla rubiginosa
Name in original file:Phyllodoce laminosa
Pirakia fucescens [auct. misspelling] / Eulalia fuscescens Saint-Joseph, 1888.; Name in original file:Pirakia fuscescens(Saint-Joseph, 1888)
Goniada Audouin & H Milne Edwards, 1833.; Name in original file:Goniada sp. Audouin & H Milne Edwards, 1834
Goniada emerita Audouin & H Milne Edwards, 1833.; Name in original file:Goniada emerita Audouin & H Milne Edwards, 1834
Name in original file:Ephesiella abyssorum
Name in original file:Hesione pantherina
Name in original file:Pilargis verrucosa
Syllis Lamarck, 1818.; Name in original file:Syllis sp. Savigny, 1818
Trypanosyllis Claparède, 1864.; Name in original file:Trypanosyllis sp. Claparède, 1868
Name in original file:Trypanosyllis zebra
Name in original file:Autolytus brachycephalus
Autolytus edwarsi Saint Joseph, 1887.; Name in original file:Autolytus edwarsi Saint Joseph, 1886
Name in original file:Autolytus prolifera
Name in original file:Autolytus rubropunctatus
Name in original file:Websterinereis glauca
Name in original file:Marphysa sanguinea
Name in original file:Lumbrineris fragilis
Name in original file:Schistomeringos neglecta
Name in original file:Schistomeringos rudolphi
Name in original file:Macrochaeta clavicornis
stable population with individuals measuring between 0.45 and 0.85 mm.; Name in original file:Mediomastus fragilis
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance, biomass and degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Notomastus latericeus
Name in original file:Amphitritides gracilis
Pista cristata was, together with Notomastus latericeus, a consistent species at the control site though never very abundant.; Name in original file:Pista cristata
Name in original file:Heteromysis armoricana Nouvel, 1940
Name in original file:Lysianassa ceratina
Name in original file:Lysianassa plumosa
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance and degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Socarnes erythrophthalmus
Name in original file:Tryphosella nanoides
Name in original file:Atylus swammerdamei
Name in original file:Atylus vedlomensis
Ceradocus semiserratus is one of the key species found only at the control site. It is thought to be a non selective deposit-feeder.; Name in original file:Ceradocus semisseratus
Gammarella fucicola was consistently present at the control site.; Name in original file:Gammarella fucicola
Name in original file:Gammaropsis maculata
Name in original file:Gammaropsis palmata
L trìcrìstatus was not a very abundant species but it was recorded in all seasons at the control site.; Name in original file:Leptocheirus tricristatus
Conilera cylindracea (Montagu, 1804).; Name in original file:Conilera cylindracea (Montagu, 1803)
Name in original file:Apseudes latreillii
Name in original file:Upogebia deltaura (Leach, 1815)
Name in original file:Galathea squamifera
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance, biomass and degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus corrugatus
L cancellatus was one of the most abundant key-species at the control site.; Name in original file:Leptochiton cancellatus
Name in original file:Emarginula fissura
At USC, seaweeds were only abundant during the summer period 1996. The strong hydrodynamics of the area did not allow most seaweed species to settle and cover the maerl grounds.; Name in original file:Gibbula magus
Jujubinus miliaris, together with Jujubinus exasperatus, was one of the gastropod species typical of maerl grounds. Unexpectedly, it reached higher abundances than Jujubinus exasperatus, though neither were as rich in numbers as was expected at the beginning of this study.; Name in original file:Jujubinus miliaris
Name in original file:Bittium reticulatum
Name in original file:Barleeia unifasciata
Name in original file:Pussilina inconspicua
Name in original file:Aporrhais pespelecani
Name in original file:Brachystomia scalaris
Name in original file:Turbonilla lactaea
Name in original file:Scaphander lignarius
Name in original file:Cylichna cylindracea
At station USC, the bivalves Glycymeris glycymeris was among the most conspicuous macrobiota.; Name in original file:Glycymeris glycymeris
Name in original file:Aequipecten opercularis
Name in original file:Goodalia triangularis
Name in original file:Parvicardium exiguum
Name in original file:Parvicardium scabrum
Name in original file:Laevicardium crassum
Name in original file:Cerastoderma edule
At station USC, the most conspicuous macrobiota were the swimming crab Liocarcinus corrugatus, the lancelet Branchiostoma lanceo latus, the gastropod Jujubinus sp., the bivalves Glycymeris glycymeris, Claus ine I la fasciata, Venus verrucosa, Dosinia lupinus and Tapes rhomboïdes, together with the archiannelid Polygordius lacteus.; Name in original file:Venus verrucosa
It has also been regarded as a key species in our control maerl ground. As a suspension-feeder it is very habitat-selective needing clean, well oxygenated grounds.; Name in original file:Clausinella fasciata
T. rhomboides was one of the key species that was only present at the control maerl ground (USC). It was present throughout the two-year period of study though numbers were not high.; Name in original file:Tapes rhomboides
Name in original file:Venerupis senegalensis
At station USC, the most conspicuous macrobiota were the swimming crab Liocarcinus corrugatus, the lancelet Branchiostoma lanceo latus, the gastropod Jujubinus sp., the bivalves Glycymeris glycymeris, Claus ine I la fasciata, Venus verrucosa, Dosinia lupinus and Tapes rhomboïdes, together with the archiannelid Polygordius lacteus.; Name in original file:Dosinia lupinus
This is one of the few species in which a seasonal pattern can be discerned.; Name in original file:Dosinia exoleta
Name in original file:Anseropoda placenta
Name in original file:Henricia sanguinolenta
Psammechinus miliaris (P.L.S. Müller, 1771)/ Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance and biomass ) from the BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin, 1778)
Name in original file:Sphaerechinus granularis
Name in original file:Spatangus purpureus
Name in original file:Labidoplax digitata
Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1774) / The lancelet Branchiostoma lanceolatum has been recorded as a species forming its own biocoenosis in fine oxygenated sands (Sánchez-Mata, 1996) named Amphioxus sands.; Name in original file:Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1776)
Name in original file:Ciona intestinalis
Name in original file:Phallusia mammillata
Name in original file:Lepadogaster lepadogaster
Name in original file:Buglossidium luteum
Name in original file:Jujubinus striatus
<http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326> POINT (55.011 -5.372)
GPS.Spatial extent of maerl 18ha. Control site.THe original coordinates in the paper are not ok, we asked for the corrected ones.55° 00.66' N 05° 22.32' W
Name in original file:Porphyra (Conchocelis phase)
Physicochemical parameters, grab samples, quadrats, in situ photography,site marking, Naturalist's dredge, ring dredge, air-lift, cores, RoxAnn hydro-acoustic processor, bait-pump, resin casting, chlorophyll measurements.
Name in original file:Abietinaria abietina
Name in original file:Acanthocardia echinata
European maerl grounds are exploited commercially for scallops (Pectén maximus and Aequipecten opercularis) in Scotland (Hall-Spencer, 1998).; Name in original file:Aequipecten opercularis
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Aglaophamus tubella
Alcyonidium diaphanum (Hudson, 1778).; Name in original file:Alcyonidium diaphanum (Hudson, 1762)
Name in original file:Alcyonium digitatum
Name in original file:Ambunguipes rufocincta
Name in original file:Ampelisca spinipes
Name in original file:Amphictene auricoma
Name in original file:Amphitrite cirrata O.F.Müller, 1771
Amphiura securigera (Düben & Koren, 1846); Name in original file:Amphiura securigera (Düben & Koren, 1844)
Name in original file:Anapagurus hyndmanni
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Aonides oxycephala
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Aonides paucibranchiata
Name in original file:Aphelochaeta multibranchiis
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Aponuphis bilineata
Name in original file:Archidoris pseudoargus
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Acropella balaustina
Arenicolides ecaudata (Johnston, 1835).; Name in original file:Arenicolides ecaudata (Johnston, 1865)
It follows a dramatic decrease in population densities immediately after dredging followed by a return to pre-dredge and control plot levels over the following 1-2 years.; Name in original file:Ascidiella aspersa
Name in original file:Astropecten irregularis
Name in original file:Austrosyrrhoe fimbriatus
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Clyde Sea area (control) investigated.; Name in original file:Balanus crenatus
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Barentsia sp.A
Name in original file:Botryllus schlosseri
Name in original file:Branchystomia eulimoides
Name in original file:Branchiomma bombyx
Brania Quatrefages, 1866.; Name in original file:Brania sp.A Quatrefages, 1865
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Bugula flabellata
Caecum imperforatum (Kanmacher, 1798).; Name in original file:Caecum imperforatum (Kanmacher in G Adams. 1798)
Name in original file:Callianassa subterranea
Name in original file:Callionymus reticulatus
Name in original file:Caulleriella zetlandica
Name in original file:Cauloramphus spiniferum
Name in original file:Cellepora pumicosa
Name in original file:Celleporella hyalina
It occurred in every van Veen grab sample taken in the area but data obtained by grab sampling underestimated its abundance. Most of the individuals present were large enough to retract below the depth to which the grabs penetrated.; Name in original file:Cerianthus lloydii
Name in original file:Aspitrigula cuculus
Name in original file:Chirolophis ascani
Name in original file:Chone infundibuliformis
Name in original file:Cerithiopsis tubercularis
Name in original file:Chrysallida decussata
Name in original file:Chrysallida indistincta
Name in original file:Chrysallida intersincta
Name in original file:Circomphalus casina
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Cirriformia tentaculata
It regularly occurred in Ring Dredge samples but was infrequently found in cores which sampled only a small area (0.08m2).; Name in original file:Clausinella fasciata
Name in original file:Clavelina lepadiformis
Name in original file:Clytia hemisphaerica
Name in original file:Cochlodesma praetenue
Name in original file:Collocheres elegans
Conilera cylindracea (Montagu, 1804) / New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Conilera cylindracea (Montagu, 1803)
Name in original file:Corallina officinalis
Name in original file:Corella parallelogramma
Name in original file:Corophium bonnellii
Name in original file:Coryphella lineata
Name in original file:Coryphella verrucosa
Name in original file:Crisia denticulata
Name in original file:Crossaster papposus
Name in original file:Cryptosula pallasiana
Name in original file:Cyclopterus lumpus
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Cymodoce truncata
Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758.; Name in original file:Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1761
Name in original file:Dendrodoa grossularia
Name in original file:Desmarestia aculeata
Name in original file:Diplosoma listerianum
Name in original file:Disporella hispida
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Dodecaceria concharum
This was the most abundant bivalve at UKC.; Name in original file:Dosinia exoleta
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Clyde Sea Area investigated.; Name in original file:Echinocardium pennatifidum
among the animals, only a few species like Echinocyamus pusillus were present at all BIOMAERL sites investigated.; Name in original file:Echinocyamus pusillus
Large, fragile organisms were usually broken on impact (e.g. the sea urchin Echinus esculentus and the starfish Luidla ciliaris).; Name in original file:Echinus esculentus
Name in original file:Edwardsia claperedii
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Ephesiella abyssorum
Name in original file:Ericthonius punctatus
Name in original file:Esperiopsis fucorum
Eubranchus tricolor Forbes, 1838.; Name in original file:Eubranchus tricolor Forbes, 1839
Name in original file:Eudendrium ramosum
Eulalia bilineata (Johnston, 1840).; Name in original file:Eulalia bilineata (Johnston, 1839)
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Eunice harasii
Eupolymnia nebulosa (Montagu, 1819).; Name in original file:Eupolymnia nebulosa
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Exogone verugera
Name in original file:Facelina auriculata
Name in original file:Facelina bostoniensis
Name in original file:Flabelligera affinis
Flabellina pedata (Montagu, 1816).; Name in original file:Flabellina pedata (Montagu, 1815)
present at all BIOMAERL sites investigated.; Name in original file:Galathea intermedia
Name in original file:Gammaropsis nitida
Thick-shelled molluscs that were small enough to pass between the dredge teeth remained in the dredge tracks intact (e.g. Gibbula magus).; Name in original file:Gibbula magus
Name in original file:Gibbula umbilicalis
New records for the Clyde Sea area. This polychaete was a common and characteristic member of the maerl fauna at UKC where it was found throughout the 1996-1998 sampling period. It was collected in Ring Dredge and core samples and occurred in 37 out of 38 van Veen grab samples analysed.; Name in original file:Glycera lapidum
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Golfingia vulgaris
Gyptis Marion & Bobretzky in Marion, 1874.; Name in original file:Gyptis sp.A Marion & Bobreizky, 1875
Name in original file:Halecium halecinum
Name in original file:Halichoerus grypus
Name in original file:Halichondria bowerbanki
Name in original file:Haliclona urceolus
Name in original file:Halopteris catharina
Name in original file:Harmothoe imbricata
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Harmothoe ljungmani
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Harmothoe mcintoshi
Name in original file:Harpinia crenulata
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Hesiospina similis
Name in original file:Heteranomia squamula
Name in original file:Heteroclymene robusta
Heteromysis (Heteromysis) formosa Smith, 1873.; Name in original file:Heteromysis formosa S I Smith. 1874
Name in original file:Hildenbrandia sp.1
Hinia reticulata is a nassariid gastropod occurring mainly in muddy or sandy sediments. It is a scavenger and carrion feeder.; Name in original file:Hinia reticulata
Name in original file:Hydractinia echinata
Name in original file:Hydrallmania falcata
Name in original file:Ischnochiton albus
Janua pagenstecheri (Quatrefages, 1866) / New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Janua pagenstecheri (Quatrefages, 1865)
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Clyde Sea area (control) investigated.; Name in original file:Kefersteinia cirrata
Name in original file:Kellia suborbicularis
Name in original file:Kirchenpaueria pinnata
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Labidoplax media
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Lacuna crassior
most megafauna on or within the top 10 cm of maerl were either caught in the dredges or left damaged on the dredge tracks (e.g. Laevicardium crassum).; Name in original file:Laevicardium crassum
Lafoea dumosa (Fleming, 1820); Name in original file:Lafoea dumosa (Fleming, 1828)
Name in original file:Lepidochitona cinerea
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Clyde Sea Area (control) investigated.; Name in original file:Leptochiton asellus
Name in original file:Leptochiton cancellatus
Name in original file:Leptognathia breviremis
Name in original file:Lichenopora verrucaria
Name in original file:Liljeborgia pallida
These bivalves played a key structuring role at UKC with groups of ca 10-120 sharing nests of 10-80 cm diameter and 2-30 cm height. To the south of UKC the habitat graded into one dominated by a continuous sheet of L hians nests.; Name in original file:Limaria hians
Name in original file:Limatula subauriculata
Name in original file:Lineus longissimus
Name in original file:Liocarcinus corrugatus
Liocarcinus depurator and most fish swam as the gear approached and often escaped capture.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus depurator
Phymatolithon calcareum and L glaciale were nominated as key species on both of the Scottish control and impacted grounds since the long-term sustainablility of the maerl habitat depends on the growth and survival of this species pair.; Name in original file:Lithothamnion glaciale
Name in original file:Lithothamnion sonderi
Name in original file:Lomanotus marmoratus
Name in original file:Lumbriclymene sp.A
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Lumbrineris tetraura
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Lutraria angustior
Mangelia (Mangelia) brachystoma (Philippi).; Name in original file:Mangelia brachystoma (Philippi, 1844)
Name in original file:Margarites helicinus
Name in original file:Marshallora adversa
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Mediomastus fragilis
Name in original file:Melobesia membranacea
Name in original file:Membranipora membranacea
UKC, was characterized by a stable assemblage of species with larger, longer-lived species common year round (e.g. Metrìdium senile, Pista cristata).; Name in original file:Metridium senile
Name in original file:Microdeutopus versiculatus
Name in original file:Microporella ciliata
These bivalves played a key structuring role at UKC with groups of ca 10-120 sharing nests of 10-80 cm diameter and 2-30 cm height. To the south of UKC the habitat graded into one dominated by a continuous sheet of L hians nests.; Name in original file:Modiolarca tumida
resistant to scallop dredging disturbance, with no long-term changes to their population density.; Name in original file:Mya truncata
Name in original file:Myoxocephalus scorpius
it is known to associate with the burrows of other species.; Name in original file:Mysella bidentata
Myxicola infundibulum (Renier, 1847).; Name in original file:Myxicola infundibulum (Renier, 1804)
Name in original file:Myxilla incrustans
Name in original file:Natatolana borealis
Name in original file:Nemertesia antennina
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Nephasoma minutum
Nephtys hombergii Savigny in Lamarck, 1818.; Name in original file:Nephtys hombergii
Name in original file:Nereimyra punctata
Name in original file:Notophyllum foliosum
Name in original file:Obtusella intersecta
Name in original file:Onchidoris bilamellata
Name in original file:Onchidoris muricata
Name in original file:Ophelina acuminata
Ophiocomina nigra (Abildgaard in O.F. Müller, 1789) / One of the main differences between the two study sites was that this brittlestar was densely aggregated over the surface of maerl gravel at UKC throughout the sampling period from 1996-1998 whereas adults of this species were absent from UKI.; Name in original file:Ophiocomina nigra
Name in original file:Ophiopholis aculeata
Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard in O.F. Müller, 1789).; Name in original file:Ophiothrix fragilis
Name in original file:Ostreobium quikettii
Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje, 1844 / This polychaete formed dense adult populations in the maerl gravel at UKC throughout the sampling period from 1996-1998. It was the second-most abundant polychaete retained on a 1 mm sieve and occurred in Ring Dredge samples, core samples and all 38 van Veen grab samples analysed with seasonal means of 9-22 and up to 26 individuals collected per O.lm 2 grab.; Name in original file:Owenia fusiformis Chiaje,1842
Name in original file:Pagurus bernhardus
Name in original file:Palliolum tigerinum
Pandalina brevirostris (Rathke, 1843).; Name in original file:Pandalina brevirostris (Rathke, 1837)
Name in original file:Paradexiospira vitrea
Name in original file:Pareurythoe borealis
Name in original file:Partulida pellucida
European maerl grounds are exploited commercially for scallops (Pectén maximus and Aequipecten opercularis) in Scotland (Hall-Spencer, 1998).; Name in original file:Pecten maximus
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Pedicellina cernua
Name in original file:Perinereis cultrifera
Petta pusilla Malmgren, 1866.; Name in original file:Petta pusilla Malmgren, 1867
Name in original file:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
Name in original file:Phalacrocorax carbo
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Phascolion strombus
Name in original file:Phoronis hippocrepia
Among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Atlantic sites investigated by BIOMAERL.; Name in original file:Phycodrys rubens
Name in original file:Phyllophora crispa
Large maerl thalli are among the oldest marine plants in the N. Atlantic and contribute deposits that take hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years to accumulate, since even optimal growth rates are extremely slow. For this reason, management of the exploitation of maerl-forming Lithothamnion corallioides (P.& H.Crouan) P. & H.Crouan and Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) Adey & McKibben is obligatory under the EC Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and Wild Fauna and Flora (1992).; Name in original file:Phymatolithon calcareum
Name in original file:Phymatolithon laevigatum
Name in original file:Pirakia punctifera
Name in original file:Pisidia longicornis
In terms of biomass and abundance, terebellids (e.g. T. stroemi, Pista cristata) were much more important at UKC than at UKI. Terebellids feed mainly on settled detritus which was more abundant in the muddier, more sheltered conditions of UKC.; Name in original file:Pista cristata
Name in original file:Pleurobranchia pileus
Pleurobranchus membranaceus (Montagu, 1816).; Name in original file:Pleurobranchus membranaceus (Montagu, 1815)
Name in original file:Pleuronectes platessa
Name in original file:Polinices montagui
Name in original file:Pollachius pollachius
Name in original file:Polycera quadrilineata
Name in original file:Polyophthalmus pictus
Name in original file:Polysiphonia fucoides
Among the most important invertebrate species distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance from the Clyde Sea area (control) investigated.; Name in original file:Pomatoceros triqueter
Name in original file:Pomatoschistus pictus
Mud specialists (e.g. Priapulus caudatus] were present only at UKC.; Name in original file:Priapulus caudatus
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Protodorvillea kefersteini
Psammechinus miliaris (P.L.S. Müller, 1771) / This sea urchin was more abundant and had a higher biomass at the control site than at the impacted site.; Name in original file:Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin, 1778)
Name in original file:Pseodoparatanais batei
Name in original file:Pseudolithoderma extensum
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Pseudomystides limbata
Name in original file:Pterosiphonia parasitica
Name in original file:Pusillina inconspicua
Name in original file:Raphitoma linearis
Name in original file:Rhizocaulus verticillatus
Name in original file:Rhizostoma octopus
Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822.; Name in original file:Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1820
This was the commonest annelid retained on a 1mm sieve in the surface layer of sediment at UKC throughout the 1996-1998 sampling period.; Name in original file:Scalibregma inflatum
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Schistomeringos neglecta
Name in original file:Scopelocheirus hopei
Scrupocellaria reptans (Linnaeus, 1758).; Name in original file:Scrupocellaria reptans (Linnaeus, 1767)
Name in original file:Scrupocellaria sp.A
Name in original file:Scyliorhinus canicula
Name in original file:Semierycina nitida
Sepiola atlantica d'Orbigny [in Férussac & d'Orbigny], 1839–1842.; Name in original file:Sepiola atlantica Orbigny in Ferussac & Orbigny. 1840
Name in original file:Sertularella polyzonias
Name in original file:Sertularia argentea
Name in original file:Skenea serpuloides
Name in original file:Skeneopsis planorbis
Name in original file:Leptoplanidae sp.A
Name in original file:Escharellidae sp.A
New records for the Clyde Sea area; Name in original file:Spadella cephaloptera
Name in original file:Sphacelaria cirrosa
Name in original file:Sphaerodoropsis sp.A
This was the fourth commonest annelid in the surface layer of sediment at UKC throughout 1996-1998. It was seen in Ring Dredge and core samples and occurred in 37 out of 38 van Veen grab samples from the area.; Name in original file:Sphaerodorum gracilis
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Sphaerosyllis bulbosa
Name in original file:Sphaerosyllis sp.A
Sphaerosyllis taylori Perkins, 1981 / New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Sphaerosyllis taylori Perkins, 1980
Boeck, 1865.; Name in original file:Stenhelia sp.A Boeck, 1864
Name in original file:Stomachetosella sinuosa
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Tanaopsis graciloides
The presence of large perennial bivalves, like Dosinia exoleta or Tapes rhomboïdes, generates faecal and pseudofaecal accumulations which accentuate granulometrie patchiness within the maerl matrix.; Name in original file:Tapes rhomboides
characteristic and perennial member of the fauna in surface sediment at UKC throughout 1996-1998. It was seen in Ring Dredge and core samples and occurred in 33 out of 38 sieved van Veen grabs. It was the 10th commonest of 113 polychaetes recorded.; Name in original file:Terebellides stroemi
Name in original file:Thiuaria articulata
This bivalve mollusc was more sparsely distributed than the other key bivalve species at UKC.; Name in original file:Thracia villosiuscula
large holothurians are visible to divers only at certain times of year, as during the spring phytoplankton bloom, their crowns of tentacles are extended from the sediment into the water for feeding.; Name in original file:Thyonidium drummondi
Name in original file:Titanoderma pustulatum
Name in original file:Tonicella marmorea
Name in original file:Trichobranchus glacialis
Name in original file:Trichobranchus sp.A
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Trypanosyllis coeliaca
Name in original file:Tubulanus annulatus
Name in original file:Tubulanus polymorphus
Name in original file:Tubularia indivisa
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Tubulipora liliacea
This decapod crustacean was common at both UKC and UKI but was not captured in any of the Ring Dredge, core or van Veen grabs deployed during the 1996-1998 sampling period due to the depth to which this species burrowed within the maerl. SCUBA divers were therefore used to assess the abundance and ecology of this species in situ.; Name in original file:Upogebia deltaura (Leach, 1815)
Name in original file:Urothoe elegans (Bate, 1856)
New records for the Clyde Sea area.; Name in original file:Vaunthompsonia cristata
Name in original file:Virgularia mirabilis
Westwoodilla caecula (Spence Bate, 1857).; Name in original file:Westwoodilla caecula (Bate, 1856)
Name in original file: Nematonereis unicornis
Name in original file: Palaemon serratus
this species is a hand written note.; Name in original file: Polygireulima sp.
GPS.Spatial extent of maerl 7ha. Impacted site.
Name in original file:Agonus cataphractus
Name in original file:Ammodytes tobianus
Amphiura securigera (Düben & Koren, 1846).; Name in original file:Amphiura securigera (Düben & Koren, 1844)
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Clyde Sea area investigated.; Name in original file:Atylus vedlomensis
Name in original file:Bonnemaisonia asparagoides
Name in original file:Brongniartella byssoides
Name in original file:Callionymus maculatus
Callophyllis cristata (C.Agardh) Kützing, 1849.; Name in original file:Callophyllis cristata (Linnaeus ex Turner) Kützing
Name in original file:Cerebratulus marginatus
Name in original file:Cheirocratus sundevallii
Name in original file:Chylocladia verticillata
Clausinella fasciata was more abundant at UKI than at UKC which was perhaps a reflection of the coarser nature of the sediment at the UKI site.; Name in original file:Clausinella fasciata
Coccotylus truncatus (Pallas) M.J.Wynne & J.N.Heine, 1992.; Name in original file:Coccotylus truncata
Name in original file:Compsothamnion thuyoides
Cutleria multifida (Turner) Greville, 1830.; Name in original file:Cutleria multifida (J E Smith) Greville
Name in original file:Delesseria sanguinea
only Dictyota dichotoma figures as an important non-coralline algal species on maerl grounds in both provinces, Atlantic and Mediterranean.; Name in original file:Dictyota dichotoma
Name in original file:Diplecogaster bimaculata
As at UKC, this was also the most abundant species of bivalve present at UKI.; Name in original file:Dosinia exoleta
Name in original file:Echinocardium pennatifidum
Name in original file:Ectocarpus fasciculatus
the presence of Erato voluta (Montagu) at the impacted Site is the first Clyde record for this species this century (Alien 1962; Seaward 1982).; Name in original file:Erato voluta
Name in original file:Erythrodermis traillii
Name in original file:Gelidiella calcicola
New records for the Clyde Sea area.. Glycera lapidum was common at UKI and was collected in Ring dredge and core samples from the area. It occurred in all 27 van Veen grabs analysed from the 1996-1998 period.; Name in original file:Glycera lapidum
Name in original file:Gobiusculus flavescens
Name in original file:Griffithsia corallinoides
Name in original file:Halocladius fucicola
Name in original file:Halurus flosculosus
Name in original file:Hypoglossum hyoglossoides
Name in original file:Laminaria saccharina
Lepadogaster Goüan, 1770.; Name in original file:Lepadogaster sp.1 (Bonnaierre. 1788)
A few species, e.g. the amphipods Leptocheirus hirsutimanus (Bate), occurred in all (or nearly all) of the BIOMAERL study sites, but the majority of species have geographical limits between different regions considered.; Name in original file:Leptocheirus hirsutimanus
Name in original file:Leptochiton asellus
Name in original file:Liljeborgia kinahani
Name in original file:Liocarcinus holsatus
Liocarcinus pusillus (Leach, 1816) / among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Clyde Sea area investigated.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus pusillus (Leach, 1815)
Name in original file:Lomentaria clavellosa
Name in original file:Lophius piscatorius
Name in original file:Mastocarpus stellatus
Name in original file:Membranoptera alata
Neopentadactyla mixta (Östergren, 1898) Deichmann, 1944/ large holothurians are visible to divers only at certain times of year, as during the spring phytoplankton bloom, their crowns of tentacles are extended from the sediment into the water for feeding.; Name in original file:Neopentadactyla mixta
Name in original file:Nerophis lumbriciformis
Name in original file:Nitophyllum punctatum
Name in original file:Odanthalia dentata
Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje, 1844 / uncommon at UKI where only 8 specimens were caught.; Name in original file:Owenia fusiformis Chiaje,1842
Name in original file:Parajassa pelagica
Name in original file:Paramphinome jeffreysii
Name in original file:Parasmittina trispinosa
Name in original file:Phrynorhombus norvegicus
Name in original file:Phymatolithon lenormandii
Among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Atlantic sites investigated by BIOMAERL.; Name in original file:Plocamium cartilagineum
One of the main faunal differences between the two Clyde maerl grounds studied was the abundance of P. lacteus at UKI and its absence from UKC.; Name in original file:Polygordius lacteus
Name in original file:Polysiphonia elongata
Name in original file:Polysiphonia nigra
Name in original file:Polysiphonia stricta
Porphyra miniata (C.Agardh) C.Agardh, 1824.; Name in original file:Porphyra miniata (C Agardh) J Agardh
Name in original file:Pterosiphonia pennata
Name in original file:Pterothamnion plumula
Name in original file:Ptilothamnion pluma
Name in original file:Raphitoma purpurea
Name in original file:Rhodomela confervoides
Name in original file:Scytosiphon lomentaria
Name in original file:Socarnes erythrophthalmus
Spatoglossum solieri (Chauvin ex Montagne) Kützing, 1843; Name in original file:Spatoglossum solieri(Chauvin) Kützing
This polychaete was more sparsely distributed at UKI than the control site although it occurred in Ring Dredge samples, core samples and 22 out of 27 van Veen grab samples.; Name in original file:Sphaerodorum gracilis
Name in original file:Spinachia spinachia
That only two T. stroemi were caught in the 1996-98 grab sampling programme at UKI is an example of the important effect that physical disturbance has on the sediment structure and ecology of maerl habitats.; Name in original file:Terebellides stroemi
This species was one of the commonest bivalves at UKI.; Name in original file:Thracia villosiuscula
Name in original file: Polyneura bonnemaisonii
Name in original file: Calliostoma zizyphinum
GPS.Spatial extent of maerl 80ha. Impacted site.
Smith-Mclntyre grabs,AQUAREVE dredge samples,Reineck Cores,Scuba divers quadrats for macrofauna,Sea Urchins collected, CTD.
Name in original file:Lithothamnion corallioides
Name in original file:Phymatolithon calcareum
Name in original file:Calliblepharis jubata
Name in original file:Rhodophyllis divaricata
Name in original file:Stenogramme interrupta (C agardh) Montagne ex Harvey
among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Atlantic sites investigated; Name in original file:Plocamium cartilagineum
Name in original file:Ceramium cimbricum
Name in original file:Ceramium diaphanum
among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Atlantic sites investigated; Name in original file:Ceramium echionotum
Name in original file:Heterosiphonia plumosa
Name in original file:Cryptopleura ramosa (Hudson) Kylin ex Lily Newton
Name in original file:Radicilingua thysanorhizans
Name in original file:Chondria dasyphylla
Name in original file:Osmundea pinnatifida
Name in original file:Pterosiphonia complanata
Name in original file:Pterosiphonia pinnulata
Name in original file:Colpomenia peregrina
only Dictyota dichotoma figures as an important non-coralline algal species on maerl grounds in both provinces, Mediterranean and Atlantic.; Name in original file:Dictyota dichotoma
Name in original file:Blidingia marginata
Name in original file:Chaetomorpha linum
Name in original file:Cladophora pygmaea
it has been captured only using an AQUAREVE dredge; Name in original file:Tethya aurantium
Name in original file:Suberites ficus (Linnaeus. 1767)
Name in original file:Aureliana heterocera
Name in original file:Cerebratulus roseus
Name in original file:Golfingia vulgaris
Name in original file:Aphroditidae indet.
it has been captured only using an AQUAREVE dredge; Name in original file:Hermonia hystrix
Name in original file:Harmothoe lunulata (Chiaje, 1841)
it has been captured only using an AQUAREVE dredge.; Name in original file:Psammolyce arenosa (Chiaje, 1841)
Name in original file:Sigalion mathildae
Name in original file:Sthenelais boa (Johnston, 1839)
Name in original file:Phyllodocidae spp.
Name in original file:Glycera unicornis Savigny
Name in original file:Sphaerodoridae indet.
The polychaete Hesione pantherina (Risso), for instance, reaches its northern limits of distribution in the Bay of Brest area. is a hesionid polychaete typical of the Bay of Brest maerl grounds. It was, however, only sparsely distributed and has therefore had to be sampled using the AQUAREVE dredge.; Name in original file:Hesione pantherina
Name in original file:Typosyllis krohnii
Name in original file:Streptosyllis bidentata
Name in original file:Sphaerosyllis taylori Perkins, 1980
Name in original file:Autolytus aurantiacus
Eunice vittata was a very common polychaete in the Bay of Brest maerl beds. This species inhabits sand, mud, gravel and rocky areas, and is found also among algae, sponges, and corals.; Name in original file:Eunice vittata
Name in original file:Lumbrineris impatiens
Name in original file:Lumbrineris latreilli Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833
This spionid was found in high densities on the impacted ground with mean densities of 13-53 and up to 15 individuals per 0.1 m 2 grab. It occurred in all 30 samples analysed. Although very common on the control ground, this species made only a small contribution to the biomass of the impacted ground. Maximum contribution was less than 1% of the total dry weight biomass. Mean dry weights ranged from 3 to 19mg per 0,1m 2 grab; Name in original file:Aonides oxycephala
Name in original file:Malacoceros fuliginosus (Claparède, 1870)
Name in original file:Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1870)
Name in original file:Spio filicornis (O.F.Müller, 1766)
tube-dwelling organisms (like Chaetopterus variopedatus), help to bind the surface maerl layer (BIOMAERL team, 1998).; Name in original file:Chaetopterus variopedatus
Name in original file:Telepsavus costarum Claparède, 1868
Name in original file:Aphelochaeta marionii
It is able to live in hypoxic conditions and high abundances of this species can therefore indicate pollution.; Name in original file:Chaetozone setosa
Being an opportunistic species, C. tentaculata indicates high oragnic imputs on UBBI during summer and autumn months.; Name in original file:Cirriformia tentaculata
Off Brittany, opportunistic species were more abundant on the impacted ground, especially in autumn. The control and impacted sites were similar in total abundances, species richness and assemblage composition during the winter. But thereafter, they diverged. UBBI had a lower number of animal species than UBBC, with a higher abundance (animal density was 5-1 Ox higher), mostly of opportunistic species. For the Glenan site, commercial maerl extraction resulted in total habitat removal and hence defaunation of the targeted maerl bank. On the "impacted" site (UBGI; adjacent to the extraction pit), the secondary effects of extraction resulted in a reduction of species diversity and abundance. Only Capitella capitata, a species typical of disturbed habitats, survived on the impacted site in low numbers. One would anticipate that recolonization of the extraction zone sensu stricto, whenever it commences, will begin with invasion by opportunistic species.; Name in original file:Capitella capitata
N. latericeus is a deep-deposit feeding polychaete living in sediment varying from muddy sands to muds.; Name in original file:Notomastus latericeus
This archiannelid lives in infralittoral sediments ("Amphioxus sand") or, less often, in the intertidal zone (Jouin, 1971). It is <10 cm long and 1.5 mm in diameter. Its colour is whitish (male) or reddish (ripe female). (Orensanz, 1987).; Name in original file:Polygordius lacteus
Name in original file:Melinna palmata Grube, 1869
Name in original file:Ampharete grubei (Malmgren, 1866)
polychaetes Eupolymnia nebulosa, shows a dramatic decrease in population densities after dredging followed by a return to pre-dredge and control plot over the following 1-2 years (unpublished data). After two years, no differences were found in the population densities of organisms visible to divers between test and control plots at the previously dredged site.; Name in original file:Eupolymnia nebulosa
Lanice conchilega shows a dramatic decrease in population densities immediately after dredging followed by a return to pre-dredge and control plot levels over the following 1-2 years (unpublished data).; Name in original file:Lanice conchilega
This rather large terebellid polychate is usually tubicolous Its food is detritus, usually including diatoms, other unicellular algae, and various small invertebrates.; Name in original file:Pista cristata
Name in original file:Terebella lapidaria
Name in original file:Terebellidae indet.
Name in original file:Polycirrus aurantiacus
Name in original file:Nymphon brevirostre
Name in original file:Monoculodes carinatus (Bate, 1856)
Name in original file:Peltocoxa brevirostris
Name in original file:Urothoe elegans (Bate. 1856)
Name in original file:Lysianassidae sp.1
This amphipod normally inhabits the depth range 0-50 metres. It can be locally quite common (Chevreux & Page, 1925) and occasionally intertidal (Lincoln, 1979); Name in original file:Socarnes erythrophthalmus
L picta lives on sand gravel, from 5 to 16 m deep and it may be a non selective deposit-feeder. It is one of the species with high fidelity from the site of Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined); Name in original file:Listriella picta
Name in original file:Haustorius arenarius
Name in original file:Gammarus insensibilis
maerl beds are a suitable habitat for these species, providing protection from fish prédation and giving access to a ready supply of food.; Name in original file:Abludomelita gladiosa
The amphipod C. semiserratus usually lives among algae (Peyssonnelia, Lithothamnium), and from 9 to 45 m deep offshore; Name in original file:Ceradosus semisseratus
The amphipod G. fucicola usually lives among algae (Ectocarpus, Lithophyllum, etc.), and seagrass (Zostera, Posidonia] in shallow coastal waters, from 0 to 55 m deep.; Name in original file:Gammarella fucicola
M grossimana is a deposit-feeding amphipod, feeding on macrophytic detritus coming from decaying macroalgae. Its abundance should therefore be related to macrophytic production on maerl banks investigated; Name in original file:Maera grossimana
Name in original file:Ampithoe rubricata (Montagu, 1808)
Name in original file:Gammaropsis lobata
Name in original file:Megamphopus cornutus
This tube-dwelling amphipod has a depth range about 0-20 metres amongst algae on coarse bottom sediments like maerl.; Name in original file:Leptocheirus tricristatus
Name in original file:Pseudoprotella phasma
Name in original file:Conilera cylindracea (Montagu, 1803)
Name in original file:Janira maculosa Leach. 1813
Name in original file:Janiropsis breviremis
Name in original file:Astacilla longicornis
Some species spanned the Atlanto-Mediterranean divide, like Apseudes latreillii.; Name in original file:Apseudes latreillii
Name in original file:Diastyloides biplicata
Name in original file:Palaemonetes varians (Leach. 1814)
among the animals, only a few species like Echinocyamus pusillus and Galathea intermedia were present at all BIOMAERL sites investigated.; Name in original file:Galathea intermedia
Inachus dorsettensis is a majid crab feeding mostly on small crustaceans and hydroids. It lives on mud, sand or even rocky substrata. Although a large species, /. dorsettensis made only a small contribution to the biomass of the AQUAREVE samples.; Name in original file:Inachus dorsettensis
This decapod crustacean was very common on the maerl beds of the Bay of Brest.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus arcuatus
Name in original file:Liocarcinus pusillus (Leach, 1815)
On each ground, video and direct observations by divers revealed that several species rapidly aggregated to feed along the dredge tracks including crabs (Necora puber); Name in original file:Necora puber
L. cancellatus is a herbivore and lives on hard substrata.; Name in original file:Leptochiton cancellatus
Thick shelled animals that were small enough to pass between the dredge teeth usually survived; for example Gibbula magus (L.) was often buried by the trawl but later re-emerged; Name in original file:Gibbula magus
Some species spanned the Atlanto-Mediterranean divide, like Jujubinus exasperatus; Name in original file:Jujubinus exasperatus
This trochid gastropod was regularly present on the impacted ground (UBBI) throughout the sampling period 1996-1997. It occurred in all the 30 analysed samples, with mean densities of 2.5 to 17 individuals per 0.1m2 grabs, and a maximum of 36 for one grab; Name in original file:Jujubinus striatus
This limpet is common in and out of rock pools, attached to the underside of smooth, fixed stones with a growth of red weeds, especially Lithothamnion, on which it feeds. It breeds in spring.; Name in original file:Tectura virginea
Crepidula fornicata is a suspension-feeding gastropod and requires hard substrata for settlement.; Name in original file:Crepidula fornicata
Name in original file:Trophon barvicensis
On each ground, video and direct observations by divers revealed that several species rapidly aggregated to feed along the dredge tracks including whelks (Buccinum undatum); Name in original file:Buccinum undatum
Name in original file:Mangelia attenuata
Name in original file:Mangelia coarctata
Name in original file:Nudibranchia indet.
Name in original file:Dentalium novemcostatum
European maerl grounds are exploited commercially for scallops (Pecten maximus); Name in original file:Pecten maximus
Thick-shelled molluscs that were small enough to pass between the dredge teeth remained in the dredge tracks intact (e.g. Gibbula magus, Clausinella fasciata}.; Name in original file:Clausinella fasciata
Name in original file:Phoronis psammophila
Video recordings showed that the brittlestar Ophiocomina nigra entered the dredges in their thousands but were not included in the catch as they passed through the 7 cm rings of the dredge bags and littered the dredge tracks immediately after dredging.; Name in original file:Ophiocomina nigra
Name in original file:Amphipholis squamata
this species seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms; Name in original file:Ophiura albida
Name in original file:Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin, 1778)
P. lividus is a herbivorous species common around southern European coasts usually related to the presence of coralline algae and calcareous substrata. It feeds on macroalgae. It has also been shown to be sensitive to pollution, especially by heavy metals.; Name in original file:Paracentrotus lividus
Name in original file:Leptopentacta elongata (Düben & Koren, 1845)
Name in original file:Lucinella divaricata
Name in original file:Lepadogaster sp.1 (Bonnaierre. 1788)
Name in original file:Calliostoma zizyphinum
Name in original file:Enteromorpha compressa
Name in original file:Eurysyllis tuberculata
Name in original file:Microcladia grandulosa
Name in original file:Nematonereis unicornis
GPS.Spatial extent of maerl 150ha. Control site.
Name in original file:Antithamnionella ternifolia
Name in original file:Ceramium cf. echionotum
Name in original file:Heterosiphonia sp.
Name in original file:Halopitys incurvus (Hudson) Batters
Name in original file:Hymeniacidon sanguinea
Sponges, e.g. Cliona (off Brest) and sponges together with ascidians (off Alicante), and tube-dwelling organisms (like Cerianthus lloydii, Chaetopterus variopedatus and Upogebia deltaura), additionally help to bind the surface maerl layer (BIOMAERL team, 1998).; Name in original file:Sponges indet.
it helps to bind the surface maerl layer (BIOMAERL team, 1998); Name in original file:Cerianthus lloydii
Name in original file:Cerianthus cf. membranaceus
Name in original file:Leptoplanidae indet.
Name in original file:Cephalothrix rurifrons
Name in original file:Harmothoe longisetis
Pirakia fucescens [auct. misspelling] in worms; Name in original file:Pirakia fuscescens(Saint-Joseph, 1888)
Glycera lapidum has emerged from the BIOMAERL investigations as a common and characteristic member of maerl fauna throughout Europe. It has been widely recorded in European maerl bed habitats from the Mediterranean (Jacquotte, 1962; Falconetti, 1969) to Galicia (Mora, 1980) and Brittany (Cabioch, 1968).; Name in original file:Glycera lapidum
Name in original file:Goniada emerita Audouin & H Milne Edwards, 1834
Name in original file:Syllis sp. Savigny, 1818
Name in original file:Typosyllis variegata
Name in original file:Typosyllis vittata
This polychaete worm was rather sporadic on the control ground of the Bay of Brest maerl beds (UBBC) throughout the period sampled (from 1996-1997). It occurred in 15 grabs of the 30 total samples analysed. P. dumerilii feeds on decaying macrophyte detritus (Bedford & Moore, 1985a) and it is therefore dependent on the presence of benthic macrophytes. Low epiphytic algal abundances on the control ground may therefore explain the low abundances observed there.; Name in original file:Platynereis dumerilii
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) control site investigated. Eunice vittata was a very common polychaete in the Bay of Brest maerl beds. This species inhabits sand, mud, gravel and rocky areas, and is found also among algae, sponges, and corals.; Name in original file:Eunice vittata
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Brittany (control) sites investigated. This spionid polychaete was seasonally present on UBBC with mean densities of 0-11 and up to 15 individuals per 0.1 m2 grab). The species occurred in 20 grabs of the 30 total analysed. Aonides oxycephala is a surface deposit feeder, feeding on organic matter laying on the sediment around its tube by way of its palps. It burrows into the sediment, generally in muds or sandy muds. This species is tolerant to organic enrichment and is locally common in harbour muds or under fish farm cages.; Name in original file:Aonides oxycephala
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Brittany (control) sites investigated. This cirratulid polychaete was common on the control site in the Bay of Brest. It occurred in 28 grabs out of a total of 30 analysed. It is able to live in hypoxic conditions and high abundances of this species can therefore indicate pollution.; Name in original file:Chaetozone setosa
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Brittany (control) sites investigated. Cirriformia tentaculata is an opportunistic species tolerating hypoxic conditions. It is often found on the shore under the stones amongst decaying macroalgae; Name in original file:Cirriformia tentaculata
This polychaete is considered to be a selective deposit-feeder. The list of gut contents, however, nearly always includes algal fragments mixed with sediment.; Name in original file:Mediomastus fragilis
This capitellid polychaete was common on the control ground at the Bay of Brest as it was found in 29 of the 30grabs analysed for UBBC during the sampling period 1996-1997. Maximum density observed was 18 individuals per 0,1 m2 grab while mean densities ranged from 1.7-11.3 individuals per 0,1 m2. N. latericeus is a deep-deposit feeding polychaete living in sediment varying from muddy sands to muds.; Name in original file:Notomastus latericeus
Name in original file:Nicomache personata
Name in original file:Ophelia bicornis Savigny, 1818
The most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) control sites investigated. This archiannelid lives in infralittoral sediments ("Amphioxus sand") or, less often, in the intertidal zone (Jouin, 1971). It is <10 cm long and 1.5 mm in diameter. Its colour is whitish (male) or reddish (ripe female). (Orensanz, 1987).; Name in original file:Polygordius lacteus
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Amaeana trilobata
Name in original file:Paranthelepus collaris
Name in original file:Achelia hispida Hodge, 1865
it is one of the species that seem to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms, in Mediterranean waters; Name in original file:Achelia laevis Hodge, 1866
Name in original file:Phoxichilidiidae indet.
Name in original file:Amphipoda indet. 1
Name in original file:Amphipoda indet. 2
Name in original file:Oedicerotidae indet.
Name in original file:Amphilochus neopolitanus
Name in original file:Leucothoe richiardii
Name in original file:Pereionotus testudo
This melitid amphipod was observed in high densities on the control ground of the Bay of Brest (UBBC) during the summers of the sampling period 1996-1997. It occurred in 26 grabs out of the total of 30 samples analysed, reaching mean densities of 2-34 individuals per grab, with a maximum of 44 individuals for one grab in summer 1997. Maerl beds are a suitable habitat for these species, providing protection from fish prédation and giving access to a ready supply of food.; Name in original file:Abludomelita gladiosa
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Brittany (control) sites investigated. The amphipod G. fucicola usually lives among algae (Ectocarpus, Lithophyllum, etc.), and seagrass (Zostera, Posidonia] in shallow coastal waters, from 0 to 55 m deep.; Name in original file:Gammarella fucicola
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Brittany (control) site investigated. This amphipod was observed in high densities on the control ground of the Bay of Brest UBBC during part of the sampling period 1996-1997.; Name in original file:Maera grossimana
Name in original file:Amphitolina cuniculus
Name in original file:Jassa marmorata S J Holmes, 1903
The most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Brittany (control) site investigated; Name in original file:Janiropsis breviremis
among the most important invertebrate species ( degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) (control) site investigated; Name in original file:Galathea squamifera
This anomuran decapod was very abundant in the living maerl layer during summer and autumn on UBBC in 1996 and 1997. Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance and degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (control) sites investigated; Name in original file:Pisidia longicornis
it has been captured only using an AQUAREVE dredge.; Name in original file:Pisa armata
Name in original file:Macropodia tenuirostris
The most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Eurynome spinosa
This decapod crustacean was very common on the maerl beds of the Bay of Brest. It is among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of biomass ) from the Brittany (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus arcuatus
the crab Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant), occurred in all (or nearly all) of the BIOMAERL study sites, but the majority of species have geographical limits between different regions considered.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus corrugatus
animals (e.g. Aequipecten opercularis , the swimming crab Liocarcinus depurator and most fish) swam as the gear pproached and often escaped capture.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus depuralor
Name in original file:Liocarcinus marmoreus
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus pusillus (Leach, 1815)
Name in original file:Hanleya hanleyi (Bean in Thorpe. 1844)
it seems not to be used at all, except in one shell auction. That's why we use instead Acanthopleura echinata (Barnes, 1824) AphiaID 386269; Name in original file:Acanthochitona echinata
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Acanthochitona fascicularis
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of biomass) from the Brittany (control) sites investigated. Thick shelled animals that were small enough to pass between the dredge teeth usually survived; for example Gibbula magus (L.) was often buried by the trawl but later re-emerged; Name in original file:Gibbula magus
J. miliaris is always sublittoral, living on stony and gravelly bottoms (35-800 m deep) with shells or Lithothamnion (Graham, 1988).; Name in original file:Jujubinus miliaris
This trochid gastropod was present at UBBC in various densities during the sampling period 1996-1997. It occurred in 24 grabs of the 30 analysed samples with mean densities of 0 to 28 individuals per O.lm2 grabs, with a maximum of 41 for one grab; Name in original file:Jujubinus striatus
Turritella communis is a gastropod living partly buried in muddy bottoms. Unusually for a gastropod, it is a suspension feeder, removing particles from the water by way of a ciliary current maintained through the mantle cavity.; Name in original file:Turritella communis
Name in original file:Pussillina inconspicua
This calyptraeid gastropod was present at UBBC all through the two-year sampling period (1996-1997) in comparable densities. Crepidula fornicata is a suspension-feeding gastropod and requires hard substrata for settlement.; Name in original file:Crepidula fornicata
Name in original file:Haedropleura septangularis
Name in original file:Comarmondia gracilis
seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms; Name in original file:Glycymeris glycymerís
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) (control) sites investigated; Name in original file:Chlamys varia
The bivalve P. exiguum was sparsely distributed on the control ground of the Bay of Brest (UBBC) during the sampling period.; Name in original file:Parvicardium exiguum
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Parvicardium ovale
seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms; Name in original file:Plagiocardium papillosum
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) (control) sites investigated; Name in original file:Laevicardium crassum
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Gari tellinella
This bivalve was common on the control ground of the Bay of Brest since it was found in 34 of the 43 AQUAREVE analysed. Venus verrucosa is a suspension-feeding bivalve living in mud to muddy sands. Being a large, shelled species, V. verrucosa made a considerable contribution to the biomass in the AQUAREVE samples, reaching a maximum of 85% of a single sample during autumn 1997.; Name in original file:Venus verrucosa
Thick-shelled molluscs that were small enough to pass between the dredge teeth remained in the dredge tracks intact (e.g. Gibbula magus, Clausinella fasciata}. It is among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of biomass) from the Brittany (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Clausinella fasciata
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Timoclea ovata
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of biomass and degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Tapes rhomboides
The presence of large perennial bivalves, like Dosinia exoleta or Tapes rhomboïdes, generates faecal and pseudofaecal accumulations which accentuate granulometrie patchiness within the maerl matrix; Name in original file:Dosinia exoleta
seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms; Name in original file:Anseropoda placenta
Large, fragile organisms were usually broken on impact (e.g. the sea urchin Echinus esculentus and the starfish Luidla ciliaris); Name in original file:Echinus esculentus
This sea urchin was seasonally common on the Bay of Brest maerl beds, on the UBBC ground it reached a maximum of 18 indiduals per m 2 in summer 1997. Being a large species, P. lividus contributed greatly to the biomass of the maerl grounds of the Bay of Brest. Its contribution reached a maximum of 80 % of the total dry weight biomass; Name in original file:Paracentrotus lividus
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Sphaerechinus granularis
among the animals, only a few species like Echinocyamus pusillus, were present at all BIOMAERL sites investigated and spanned the Atlanto-Mediterranean divide; Name in original file:Echinocyamus pusillus
the ascidian Ascidiella aspersa followed this pattern: a dramatic decrease in population densities immediately after dredging followed by a return to pre-dredge and control plot levels over the following 1-2 years (unpublished data).; Name in original file:Ascidiella aspersa
seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms; Name in original file:Glycymeris glycymeris
European maerl grounds are exploited commercially for scallops (Aequipecten opercularis); Name in original file:Aequipecten opercularis
Name in original file:Acanthocardia paucicostata
This eunicid polychaete was very common on the UBBC ground throughout the sampling period 1996-1997. It occurred in all the 30 grabs samples analysed, with means of 9-40 up to 59 individuals collected per 0.1m 2 grab; Name in original file:Nematonereis unicornis
GPS.Spatial extent of maerl 9ha. Control site.
Phymatolithon calcareum, is important in both the Atlantic and Mediterranean algal lists.; Name in original file:Phymatolithon calcareum
Smith-Mclntyre grabs,AQUAREVE,Reineck Cores.
Suberites ficus (Johnston, 1842); Name in original file:Suberites ficus (Linnaeus. 1767)
tube-dwelling organisms (like Cerianthus lloydii), help to bind the surface maerl layer; Name in original file:Cerianthus lloydii
Phyllodoce Lamarck, 1818; Name in original file:Phyllodoce sp.B
Name in original file:Platynereis dumenlii
Among the species which spanned the Atlanto-Mediterranean divide; Name in original file:Eunice vittata
Name in original file:Aonides oxycephala
it is an opportunistic species tolerating hypoxic conditions.; Name in original file:Chaetozone setosa
Maldanidae Malmgren, 1867; Name in original file:Maldanidae indet.
The amphipod C. semiserratus usually lives among algae (Peyssonnelia, Lithothamnium), and from 9 to 45 m deep offshore.; Name in original file:Ceradocus semisseratus
This amphipod usually lives among algae and seagrass, in shallow coastal waters, from 0 to 55 m deep. It is not more abundant in exposed zones. It lives under stones, or in crevices in the substratum. It is a detritivore. In soft substrata it is best represented in gravel bottoms (Amphioxus sands) and muddy bottoms.; Name in original file:Gammarella fucicola
M. grossimana lives both in hard substrata and soft substrata, from the mesolittoral zone to bathyal zone, in coral bottoms and among the roots of Posidonia.; Name in original file:Maera grossimana
among the species that seem to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms; Name in original file:Conilera cylindracea (Montagu, 1803)
On each ground, video and direct observations by divers revealed that several species rapidly aggregated to feed along the dredge tracks including whelks, crabs (e.g. Pagurus bernhardus), brittlestars and fish. Not only were damaged animals consumed but intact members of the infauna were taken before they could reburrow.; Name in original file:Pagurus bernhardus
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the BIOMAERL ((Bay of Brest and Glenan combined control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Galathea squamifera
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the BIOMAERL ((Bay of Brest and Glenan combined control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Pisidia longicornis
This crab was sparsely distributed on the control ground at Glenan. It reached a maximum density of 2 individuals per m2 in autumn 1997. Mean densities varied from 0.08 to 0.67 individuals per m 2 . Inachus dorsettensis is a majid crab feeding mostly on small crustaceans and hydroids. It lives on mud, sand or even rocky substrata.; Name in original file:Inachus dorseltensis
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the BIOMAERL-Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) control sites investigated; Name in original file:Eurynome spinosa
This decapod crustacean was sparsely distributed on the maerl beds of Glenan. On the control ground, it only occurred in 13 of the 28 AQUAREVE analysed for the sampling period 1996-1997. Mean densities varied in the range of 0 to 0.1 individuals per m2 on the control ground UBGC, with a maximum of 0.3 ind. per m2 observed.; Name in original file:Atelecyclus rotundatus
This decapod crustacean was a rather common species on the UBGC maerl ground at Glenan. It occurred in 19 of the 28 AQUAREVE analysed. Mean densities ranged from 0.02 to 1 individual per m 2 , with maximum of 3 per m 2 observed in spring 1996. This crab lives in sublittoral gravel sediments into which it burrows. It is a predator, feeding mainly on polychaetes and bivalves.; Name in original file:Atelecyclus undecimdentatus
This crab is carnivorous, feeding on bivalves and polychaetes mainly. Divers reported that large individuals of this species walking over the surface of the sediment in search of food. It may also be able to bury into the sediment to feed or shelter. Smaller individuals move into the maerl layer, their size allowing them to move between the maerl fragments.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus arcuatus
A few species, e.g. the sea urchin Echinocyamus pusillus (O.F.Müller, the amphipods Leptocheirus hirsutimanus (Bate) and the crab Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant), occurred in all (or nearly all) of the BIOMAERL study sites, but the majority of species have geographical limits between different regions considered.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus corrugatus
Liocarcinus depurator and most fish swam as the gear approached and often escaped capture.This crab was not uncommon on the Glenan control ground (UBGC). It was found in 14 AQUAREVE samples out of the 28 analysed. This species' contribution to the total biomass of the Aquareve samples on UBGC was low.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus depurator
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the BIOMAERL- Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) control sites investigated.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus pusillus (Leach, 1815)
On each ground, video and direct observations by divers revealed that several species rapidly aggregated to feed along the dredge tracks including Necora puber; Name in original file:Necora puber
L. cancellatus is a herbivore and lives on hard substrata. This species lives on stony and gravelly bottoms among shells and Lithothamnia, from the infralittoral zone to depths in excess of 900 m.; Name in original file:Leptochiton cancellatus
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the BIOMAERL- Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) control sites investigated.; Name in original file:Acanthochitona fascicularis
This gastropod was present on UBGC all through the sampling period 1996-1997. It occurred in 24 of the 28 AQUAREVE samples analysed. This species was one of the dominant contributors to biomass in the AQUAREVE samples on the control ground of the Glenan.; Name in original file:Turritella communis
This species is a large shelled gastropod. Even being quite rare on the control UBGC, it still made a consistent contribution to the total biomass of the samples analysed.; Name in original file:Buccinum undatum
This gastropod was not common on the control maerl ground of the Glenan. It only occurred in half (14) of the 28 AQUAREVE samples analysed throughout the sampling period.; Name in original file:Hinia reticulata
Name in original file:Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1778)
In Mediterranean waters there are some species, such as this one, that seem to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms; Name in original file:Glycymeris glycymeris
"It is a suspension-feeding bivalve of commecrial importance living on gravels and sandy bottoms, from the sublittoral to 100m deep. This bivalve was sparsely distributed on the Glenan maerl beds. Its abundance was low on the control ground, but it was regularly sampled: present in 22 out of the 28 AQUAREVE samples analysed throughout the sampling period 1996-1997. This species was a large contributor to the biomass of the control maerl bed in Glenan.; Name in original file:Pecten maximus
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) control sites investigated; Name in original file:Parvicardium ovale
Name in original file:Spisula subtnincata
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) control sites investigated; Name in original file:Gari tellinella
The bivalve T. ovata was sparsely distributed on the control ground of the Glenan (UBGC) during the sampling period. The venerid T. ovata is a suspension-feeding bivalve living in muds or sandy-muds.; Name in original file:Timoclea ovata
This bivalve was very dense on the control ground of the Glenan since it occurred in the all of the 28 AQUAREVE samples taken. It was a dominant contributor to the biomass of the AQUAREVE samples of UBGC.; Name in original file:Tapes rhomboides
The presence of large perennial bivalves, like Dosinia exoleta, generates faecal and pseudofaecal accumulations which accentuate granulometrie patchiness within the maerl matrix; Name in original file:Dosinia exoleta
In Mediterranean waters there are some species that seem to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms; Name in original file:Anseropoda placenta
Psammechinus miliaris (P.L.S. Müller, 1771) / This sea urchin was common on the Glenan control ground (UBGC). It was found in 26 of the 28 AQUAREVE samples analysed from there. Psammechinus miliaris was an poor contributor to the biomass of the megafauna on the UBGC ground.; Name in original file:Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin, 1778)
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of biomass and degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Paracentrotus lividus
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Brittany (Bay of Brest and Glenan combined) control sites investigated.; Name in original file:Sphaerechinus granularis
Name in original file:Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1776)
several species followed this, pattern (e.g. the polychaetes Eupolymnia nebulosa, Lanice conchilega and the ascidian Ascidiella aspersa) with a dramatic decrease in population densities immediately after dredging followed by a return to pre-dredge and control plot levels over the following 1-2 years (unpublished data); Name in original file:Ascidiella aspersa
Lepadogaster Goüan, 1770; Name in original file:Lepadogaster sp.1 (Bonnaierre. 1788)
such tube-dwelling organisms help to bind the surface maerl layer (BIOMAERL team, 1998).; Name in original file:Chaetopterus variopedatus
Melitidae Bousfield, 1973; Name in original file:Melitidae indet.
Crangon vulgaris Fabricius, 1798; Name in original file:Crangon vulgaris
Inachus dorsettensis is a majid crab feeding mostly on small crustaceans and hydroids. It lives on mud, sand or even rocky substrata.; Name in original file:Inachus dorseltensis
Atelecyclus rotundatus is a carnivorous crab feeding mainly on bivalves. It lives burrowed into gravels or muddy gravelly sediments; Name in original file:Atelecyclus rotundatus
This crab was rare on the UBGI ground. It only occurred in 9 of the 28 AQUAREVE analysed. Mean densities ranged from 0 to 0.3 individual per m 2 on the impacted ground with a maximum of 0.8 per m 2 observed in autumn 1997.; Name in original file:Atelecyclus undecimdentatus
This decapod crustacean was very common on both the Glenan maerl beds (control and impacted), it occurred in all the 28 AQUAREVE samples analysed throughout the sampling period 1996-1997. Being abundant, this species made a significant contribution to the biomass of the maerl beds for the control site of Glenan.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus pusillus (Leach, 1815)
Turritella communis is a gastropod living partly buried in muddy bottoms. Unusually for a gastropod, it is a suspension feeder, removing particles from the water by way of a ciliary current maintained through the mantle cavity; Name in original file:Turritella communis
The population density of Buccinum undatum was greater on the impacted ground than on the control throughout the sampling period 1996-1997. In autumn 1997 however, mean density and biomass were very similar, a fact that remains unexplained.; Name in original file:Buccinum undatum
This gastropod was common on the impacted ground UBGI. It occurred in all the 28 AQUAREVE samples analysed throughout the sampling period. This species, was a significant contributor to the biomass of the maerl bed at UBGI.; Name in original file:Hinia reticulata
It is a suspension-feeding bivalve of commecrial importance living on gravels and sandy bottoms, from the sublittoral to 100m deep. This bivalve was found in very low abundance on the impacted ground (UBGI). It was observed in only 3 AQUAREVE samples out of the 28 analysed. When present on the impacted ground, it was an important contributor to the biomass of the samples; Name in original file:Pecten maximus
The venerid T. ovata is a suspension-feeding bivalve living in muds or sandy-muds.The bivalve T. ovata was sparsely distributed on the impacted ground at Glenan (UBGI).; Name in original file:Timoclea ovata
This bivalve very sparsely distributed on the impacted site at Glenan (UBGI). Because of its low abundance, this species was a low contributor to the biomass of the AQUAREVE samples of UBGI.; Name in original file:Tapes rhomboides
Psammechinus miliaris (P.L.S. Müller, 1771) / This sea urchin was less common on the impacted maerl bed of the Glenan It was observed in 15 of the 28 AQUAREVE samples analysed. Being present only at a low density on the UBGI ground, Psammechinus miliaris made a low contribution to the biomass of the AQUAREVE samples.; Name in original file:Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin, 1778)
GPS.Spatial extent of maerl 20ha. Control site.
Name in original file:Audouinella daviesii
Hydroplane observations,Scuba maerl sampling,Naturalist's dredge and Van Veen grabs samples,Physicochemical parameters(niskin bottle),diver quadrats,cores,in situ UW photography and video,runner dredge, mark buoy,resin cast cores,beam trawl,UW television.
Name in original file:Audouinella trifila
Name in original file: Chroodactylon ornatum
Name in original file:Stylonema cornu-cervi
Name in original file:Falkenbergia rufolanosa
Name in original file:Hydrolithon farinosum (Foslie) Serio
Name in original file:Corallina granifera
Name in original file:Pneophyllum lejolisii
This was one of the commonest calcareous algae at the control site and one of the main maerl-forming species. It was not detected at the impacted site. data from 0.05m 2 quadrat.; Name in original file:Lithothamnion minervae
Name in original file:Lithophyllum racemus
Name in original file:Lithothamnion valens
It was present in all seasonal samples at the impacted site, but it was very rare at the control site. Recorded at UAC-42 1998-05-22. 38°09.27'N/00°25.75'W (38.1545 -0.4291667).The small size may be due to the impact of trawling and to the importance of the fine fraction in sediments from the impacted site.; Name in original file:Lithothamnion corallioides
Live P. calcareum was not found on the impacted grounds (only dead pieces of calcareous thalli), perhaps due to the different sedimentological conditions (higher mud fraction) and the mechanical impact of trawling. At UAC-42, 1998-05-22. 38°09.27'N/00°25.75'W (38.1545 -0.4291667). At UAC-43, 1998-05-23. 38°09.27'N/00°25.75'W (38.1545 -0.4291667). At UAC-47,1997-08-26. 38° 08.72-87'N / 00° 25.02-67'W, small runner dredge (0.45m frame)(38.1453333 -0.417 to 38.1478333 -0.4278333).; Name in original file:Phymatolithon calcareum
Name in original file:Cryptonemia tunaeformis
Name in original file:Contarinia peyssonneliaeformis
Name in original file:Contarinia squamariae
Name in original file:Feldmannophycus rayssiae
Name in original file:Halymenia floresia
Name in original file:Cryptonemia lomalion
Name in original file:Acrosymphyton purpuriferum
Name in original file:Dudresnaya verticillata
Name in original file:Rhodophyllis strafforellii
Name in original file:Hypnea cervicornis
Name in original file:Kallymenia feldmanni
Name in original file:Meredithia microphylla
Name in original file:Kallymenia requienii
Name in original file:Lomentaria chylocladiella
Name in original file:Peyssonnelia bornetti
Name in original file:Peyssonnelia dubyi
Name in original file:Peyssonnelia orientalis
Name in original file:Peyssonnelia rosa-marina
Name in original file:Peyssonnelia rubra
Name in original file:Gymnogongrus crenulatus
Name in original file:Rhodymenia ardissonei
Name in original file:Botryocladia boergesenii
Name in original file:Botryocladia chiajeana
Name in original file:Rhodymenia delicatula
Name in original file:Gloiocladia furcata
Name in original file:Cordylecladia guiry
Name in original file:Fauchea microspora
Name in original file:Crouania attenuata
Name in original file:Pterothamnion crispum
Name in original file:Antithamnion cruciatum
Name in original file:Antithamnionella elegans
Name in original file:Sphyridia filamentosa
Name in original file:Spermothamnion flabellatum
Name in original file:Spermothamnion irregulare
Name in original file:Sphondylothamnion multifidum
Name in original file:Antithamnion ogdeniae
Name in original file:Monosporus pedicellatus G. Fcldmann
Name in original file:Antithamnion piliferum
Name in original file:Spermothamnion repens
Name in original file:Seirospora sphaerospora
Name in original file:Antithamnionella spirographidis
Name in original file:Antithamnion tenuissimum
Name in original file:Callithamnion corymbosum
Name in original file:Heterosiphonia crispella
Name in original file:Eupogodon spinellus
Name in original file:Nitophyllum micropunctatum
Name in original file:Myriogramme minuta
Name in original file:Radicilingua reptans
Name in original file:Apoglossum ruscifolium
Name in original file:Erythroglossum sandrianum
Name in original file:Acrosorium uncinatum
Name in original file:Polysiphonia denudata
Name in original file:Polysiphonia furcellala
Name in original file:Osmundea pelagosae
Name in original file:Lophosiphonia scopulorum
Name in original file:Herposiphonia secunda
the species is found both at impacted and control sites.; Name in original file:Polysiphonia subulifera
Name in original file:Herposiphonia tenella
characterised as one of the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterannean sites investigated by BIOMAERL. This species is more abudant at the control site.; Name in original file:Rytiphloea tinctoria
this species is more abudant at the control site.; Name in original file:Osmundaria volubilis
This species is similar in both grounds (control and impacted).; Name in original file:Pterosiphonia pennata
Name in original file:Asperococcus bullosus
Name in original file:Asperococcus turneri
Name in original file:Ectocarpus siliculosus
this species is similar in both grounds (control and impacted).; Name in original file:Aglaozonia chilosa
Name in original file:Aglaozonia melanoidea
Name in original file:Zanardinia prototypus (Nardo) Nardo
Name in original file:Sphacelaria plumula
Name in original file:Sphaelaria rigidula
this species is one of the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterranean sites investigated by BIOMAERL. It is also present at both sites.; Name in original file:Halopteris filicina
Name in original file:Dictyopteris polypodioides (DC.) Lamouroux
Name in original file:Spatoglossum solieri(Chauvin) Kützing
At UAC-47,1997-08-26. 38° 08.72-87'N / 00° 25.02-67'W, small runner dredge (0.45m frame)(38.1453333 -0.417 to 38.1478333 -0.4278333).It figures as an important non-coralline algal species on maerl grounds and it is present at both sites.; Name in original file:Dictyota dichotoma
Name in original file:Sporochnus pedunculatus
more abudant at the control site; Name in original file:Cystoseira spinosa
Name in original file:Phyllariopsis brevipes
Name in original file:Phaeophila dendroides
Name in original file:Didymosporangium repens
Name in original file:Pringsheimiella scutata
At UAC-37,1997-12-13. 38° 09.1-08.6'N /00° 25.8-26.2'W, runner dredge (1.0 x 0.3m),(38.1516667 -0.43 to 38.1433333 -0.4366667). At UAC-47,1997-08-26. 38° 08.72-87'N / 00° 25.02-67'W, small runner dredge (0.45m frame)(38.1453333 -0.417 to 38.1478333 -0.4278333).this species is one of the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterranean sites investigated by BIOMAERL.; Name in original file:Valonia macrophysa
Name in original file:Chaetomorpha aerea
Name in original file:Cladophora pellucida
Name in original file:Cladophora prolifera
it is characterised as an opportunistic species that was more frequent at the impacted site.; Name in original file:Cladophora rupestris
Name in original file:Cladophora seriacea
Name in original file:Microdictyon tenuius (G.Agardh) Decaisne
Name in original file:Acetabularia acetabulum
Name in original file:Caulerpa prolifera
The stability of maerl beds is influenced by the presence of certain organisms. Several species of algae stabilize maerl beds, such as Flabellia petiolata (BIOMAERL team, 1998). Flabellia petiolata, is a key species, as it has a profound structural and/or functional role in the maerl biotope and consistently make a prominent contribution to the sampled assemblage. Although Flabellia petiolata (Turra) Nizamuddin is common at both sites, the binding of the sediment by rhizoids of this species and by the filamentous thalli of Polysiphonia setacea Hollenberg, is more evident in the control ground. This may explain the greater penetration of the grab at the impacted site.; Name in original file:Flabellia petiolata
Name in original file:Pseudochlorodesmis furcellata
Name in original file:Halycystis parvula
this species is one of the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterranean sites investigated by BIOMAERL. The fact that more sediment was obtained by the van Veen grab at the impacted site than at the control reflects the difference in structure of the sediments. From the seasonal samples it resulted that erect algae occur more frequently in the control ground. Some algae were found exclusively at the control site, one example is Codium bursa J. Agardh.; Name in original file:Codium bursa (Linnaeus) C. Agardh
Name in original file:Posidonia oceanica
Name in original file:Axinella damicornis
At UAC-47,1997-08-26. 38° 08.72-87'N / 00° 25.02-67'W, small runner dredge (0.45m frame)(38.1453333 -0.417 to 38.1478333 -0.4278333).Cliona viridis, is one of the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Alicante site.; Name in original file:Cliona viridis
Name in original file:Chondrosia reniformis
Name in original file:Spirastrella cunctatrix
Name in original file:Calliactis parasítica
Name in original file:Epizoanthus arenaceus
Name in original file:Eunicella singularis
Name in original file:Leptogorgia sarmentosa
Laetmonice hystrix is is one of the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Alicante site. It is characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses (mainly maerl) and it seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms od the Mediterranean waters.; Name in original file:Laetmonice hystrix
Name in original file:Harmothoe antilopes
Name in original file:Harmothoe marillospinova
It is characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses (mainly maerl) and it seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms od the Mediterranean waters.; Name in original file:Harmothoe reliculata
Name in original file:Glycera tesselata Grube, 1863
Name in original file:Lumbrineriopsis indet.
Name in original file:Lumbrineris labrofimbriata
Eunice vinata is one of the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of biomass) from the Alicante site. Its role in ecosystem is omnivore/ carnivore.; Name in original file:Eunice vittata
L ninetta was the most common polychaete on the Alicante maerl grounds. Although it was found both at the control and impacted sites, only a few individuals were collected at the impacted site. This species' detailed ecological significance is unknown (Picard, 1965), but it has a carnivorous/scavenging feeding habit.; Name in original file:Lysidice ninetta
Name in original file:Staurocephalus rubrovittatus
Name in original file:Arabella geniculata
Name in original file:Staurocephalus rudolphii (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
Name in original file:Cirrophorus branquiatus
Name in original file:Paraonides neapolitana
Chaetozone setosa is an opportunistic species, feeding on deposited organic matter. It can reach densities of several thousand per m 2 in polluted or eutrophic areas. It is able to live in hypoxic conditions and high abundances of this species can therefore indicate pollution.; Name in original file:Chaetozone setosa
Cirriformia tentaculata is an opportunistic species tolerating hypoxic conditions. It is often found on the shore under the stones amongst decaying macroalgae.; Name in original file:Cirriformia tentaculata
Name in original file:Cirratulus filiformis
Name in original file:Axiothella constricta
Name in original file:Sclerocheilus minutus
Close examination of dredge tracks also revealed a littering of animal fragments derived from smaller members of the maerl community (e.g. Cerianthus lloydii and the polychaete Terebellides stroemi).; Name in original file:Terebellides stroemi
Name in original file:Amphitrite affinis
Name in original file:Polycirrus denticulatus
This rather large terebellid polychate is usually tubicolous Its food is detritus, usually including diatoms, other unicellular algae, and various small invertebrates. Pista cristata was, together with Notomastus latericeus, a consistent species at the control site though never very abundant.; Name in original file:Pista cristata
Name in original file:Jasmineira caudata
Name in original file:Sabella bipunctata
Name in original file:Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1820
Name in original file:Branchiomma linaresi
Name in original file:Branchioma vigilans
In Mediterranean waters there are some species that seem to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms. One of these is Ditrupa arietina. This species is characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses (mainly maerl) in the Alicante site.; Name in original file:Ditrupa arietina
It is among te most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated, the Alicante site. This species is characteristic of the coastal detritic iocoenoses (mainly maerl) and it is associated preferentially with maerl bottoms.; Name in original file:Vermiliopsis striaticeps
Name in original file:Apherusa chiereghinii
Name in original file:Synchelidium longidigitatum
Ruffo (1998) listed the amphipods Harpinia ala, Tryphosella simillima and Unciolella lunata, as being restricted to coralligenous biotopes in the Mediterranean.; Name in original file:Harpinia ala
Name in original file:Metaphoxus simplex
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance and biomass) from the BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated, the Alicante site. Lysianassa longicornis was the most common amphipod on the Alicante maërl grounds. It was present in all of the samples at the control site and nearly all at the impacted site (excepting winter 1997 and 1998). Its abundance often reached 40% of all amphipods; and being relatively large, it contributed most to amphipod biomass. It is presumed to be a carnivore and/or scavenger, inhabiting the narrow spaces amongst the maerl thalli. L longicornis was very common at the control site, particularly in the first year of sampling (Fig. 3.327). A progressive decrease in abundance from autumn 1996 (the highest value in number) to summer 1998 was noticeable, but this decrease was not apparent in the biomass data (an increase in winter 1998). Thus, no seasonal patterns could be observed.; Name in original file:Lysianassa longicornis Lucas. 1849
Name in original file:Lysianassa pilicornis
Name in original file:Normanion chevreuxi
Name in original file:Perrierella audouiniana
Name in original file:Socarnes filicornis
Name in original file:Iphimedia minuta G.O. Sars. 1882
Mediterranean endemic species; Name in original file:Urothoe hesperiae
Name in original file:Urothoe intermedia
maerl beds provide a suitable habitat for this species, the maerl structure providing protection from fish prédation and giving access to a ready supply of food.; Name in original file:Abludomelita gladiosa
This species was one of the commonest amphipods on the Alicante maerl grounds, representing about 10% of the amphipod abundance and biomass. It was especially abundant (in density and biomass) at the control site, though it was also fairly common at the impacted site. It is assumed to be a deposit feeder (based on knowledge of its cogenerM/ovem) and it lives between the maerl thalli.; Name in original file:Maera knudseni
M grossimana is a deposit-feeding amphipod, feeding on macrophytic detritus coming from decaying macroalgae. Its abundance should therefore be related to macrophytic production on our maerl banks. Maerl beds provide a suitable habitat for this species, the maerl structure protecting it from fish prédation and giving access to their source of food. Maera grossimana was one of the most common amphipods on the Maltese maerl grounds studied. It was found on both the control and impacted sites and was present in nearly all the grab samples collected.; Name in original file:Maera grossimana
A few species, e.g. the sea urchin Echinocyamus pusillus (O.F.Müller), the amphipods Leptocheirus hirsutimanus (Bate) and the crab Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant), occurred in all (or nearly all) of the BIOMAERL study sites, but the majority of species have geographical limits between different regions considered.It is a suspension feeder. This amphipod was frequent at both the control and impacted sites, but it was not present in all of the seasonal samples. It was much more abundant both in abundance and biomass at the control site (excepting during summer 1998).; Name in original file:Leptocheirus hirsutimanus
Name in original file:Leptocheirus longimanus
Siphonoecetes (Centraloecetes) neapolitanus
Name in original file:Siphonoecetes neapolitanus
Name in original file:Gnathia maxillaris
Cymodoce truncata was one of the commonest isopods on the Alicante maërl grounds. Although not rare at the control site, it was very rare at the impacted site, being present there in only one seasonal sample and then in very low numbers. This isopod is a surface-dweller that inhabits the spaces amongst the maerl thalli and gravel. Its feeding habits are not known with certainly but is possibly a detritusfeeder.; Name in original file:Cymodoce truncata
Name in original file:Cymodoce rubropunctata
Name in original file:Jaeropsis brevicornis
Synisoma cannata is a characteristic infra-circalittoral deposit-feeding isopod. It was more abundant at the control site than the impacted one, where it was only sampled on in winter periods. No significant differences have been observed in inter- and intra-annual abundance comparisons, but the results suggest an increase of the populations during the spring and winter periods.; Name in original file:Synisoma carinata
Name in original file:Astacilla intermedia
A. latreillii was the most common tanaidacean on Alicante maerl beds in both the control and impacted sites. It was collected in most of the seasonal samples (excepting those from winter 1997 and summer 1998 at the control and impacted sites, respectively). It was especially abundant (in abundance/frequency and biomass) at the control site, Its feeds by deposit/suspension feeding, and lives in tubes mainly on muddy bottoms.This tanaid species is found on the mid to lower shore under stones, in rock crevices, and in muddy gravel. It also occurs in kelp holdfasts, coralline algae and Zostera roots.; Name in original file:Apseudes latreillii
Name in original file:Hippolyte garciarasoi
Thoralus cranchii was relatively common on Alicante maerl beds. It was found both at the control and impacted sites, but with marked differences between years. It was more abundant in the first year of sampling at the control site, and it was rare at the impacted site where it was only collected by dredges, and more abundant in the second year at the impacted site. This decapod is a surface-dwelling omnivorous (carnivorous/scavenger) that lives on and amongst the maerl thalli. It is a species with a broad ecological distribution, as it is also present on Posidonia beds and infralittoral soft algae.; Name in original file:Thoralus cranchii
Name in original file:Processa macrophtalma
Name in original file:Callianassa tyrrhena
Name in original file:Scyllarus pygmaeus
Name in original file:Calcinus tubularis
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance, high fidelity) from the BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated. This species is characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses (mainly maerl).; Name in original file:Paguristes eremita
the hermit crab Dardanus arrosor is present at the control site; Name in original file:Dardanus arrosor (Herbst. 1791)
In Mediterranean waters there are some species that seem to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms, such as Anapagurus chiroacanthus. It is among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated, the Alicante site.; Name in original file:Anapagurus chiroacanthus
Only a few species, like Echinocyamus pusillus, Galathea intermedia, Phymatolithon calcareum occurred in all regions studied (and these have not necessarily been designated universally as key species). Galathea intermedia was the most abundant decapod in Alicante maerl grounds. Although it was sampled in both control and impacted sites, only a few individuals were collected from the impacted ground. It is a deposit/suspension feeder and inhabits the spaces amongst gravel and maerl thalli. This decapod presents a broad ecological distribution (Picard, 1965). This species is among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance and biomass) from the Alicante site investigated.; Name in original file:Galathea intermedia
Name in original file:Macropodia linaresi
Name in original file:Macropodia longirostris
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Alicante site investigated. In Mediterranean waters there are some species, such as this one, that seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms.It is also characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses (mainly maerl); Name in original file:Ebalia deshayesi
This species was one of the most common decapods on Alicante maerl grounds. It was collected from both the control and impacted sites in nearly all the seasonal samples (excepting autumn 1997 and summer 1998 at the impacted site). Its feeding habit is not known with certainly but it is possiby an omnivorous (scavenger/carnivore) animal. It is considered to be a characteristic species of the circalittoral coastal detritic biocenoses in Mediterranean waters (Picard, 1965).; Name in original file:Ebalia edwardsi Costa, 1838
At UAC-47,1997-08-26. 38° 08.72-87'N / 00° 25.02-67'W, small runner dredge (0.45m frame)(38.1453333 -0.417 to 38.1478333 -0.4278333). Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Alicante site investigated.; Name in original file:Parthenope massena
Name in original file:Liocarcinus zariquieyi
Name in original file:Pilumnus villosisimus
Name in original file:Lepidopleurus africanus
The most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance and biomass) from the Alicante site investigated. It is characterised as Herbivore, and lives on hard substrata.; Name in original file:Leptochiton cancellatus
Ulster Museum/ Marine Conservation Society's Species Directory; Name in original file:Callochiton septemvalvis
Name in original file:Ischnochiton rissoi
Name in original file:Scissurella costata
Name in original file:Jujubinus gravinae
Name in original file:Jujubinus exaspéralas
Name in original file:Cancellaria cancellata
Name in original file:Bittium jadertinum
In Mediterranean waters this species seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms. It is one of the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of fdegree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Alicante site investigated.; Name in original file:Turritella turbona
Name in original file:Cerithiopsis minima
Name in original file:Cerithiopsis rugulosa
Name in original file:Cerithiopsis scalaris
Name in original file:Cingula alleryana (Aradas & Benoit, 1874)
Name in original file:Cingula ambigua (Brugnone, 1873)
Name in original file:Cingula semistriala
Caecum trachea was one of the commonest molluscs on Alicante maerl grounds, but it was only sampled by quantitative quadrats at the control site. It was collected by dredge at the impacted site, but only in very low numbers.This species is among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from the Alicante site investigated.; Name in original file:Caecum trachea
Name in original file:Caecum subannulatum
Name in original file:Lamellaria perspicua
Name in original file:Muricopsis cristata
Name in original file:Ocinebrina aciculata
Name in original file:Buccinulum corneum
Name in original file:Chauvetia vulpecula
Name in original file:Troschelia bernicensis
Name in original file:Nassarius coralligenus
Mitrella scripta was found on both impacted and control sites and although its abundances were not very high, it is not a rare species. There is very little information about its feeding habits and it could be either a herbivore feeding on macroalgae or a carnivore. It appears to be a surface dweller.; Name in original file:Mitrella scripta
Name in original file:Mitrolumna olivoidea
Name in original file:Noemiamea dolioliformis
In Mediterranean waters there are some species that seem to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms, such as Glycymeris glycymerís.; Name in original file:Glycymeris glycymerís
Name in original file:Lithophaga lithophaga
This species is associated preferentially with maerl bottoms, it is characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses (mainly maerl), and among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Alicante site.; Name in original file:Limatula gwyni
This species is associated preferentially with maerl bottoms, it is characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses (mainly maerl), and among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Alicante site.; Name in original file:Chlamys flexuosa
At UAC-47,1997-08-26. 38° 08.72-87'N / 00° 25.02-67'W, small runner dredge (0.45m frame)(38.1453333 -0.417 to 38.1478333 -0.4278333).This species is associated preferentially with maerl bottoms, it is characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses (mainly maerl), and among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Alicante site.; Name in original file:Pecten jacobeus
Name in original file:Astarte fusca (Poli. 1795)
The cardiid P. exiguum is a suspension-feeding bivalve usually found living in muds or sandy muds. It seems to be a tolerant species to eutrophication and organic matter as it can be found in high densities in polluted harbour areas.; Name in original file:Parvicardium exiguum
This species is associated preferentially with maerl bottoms, it is characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses (mainly maerl), and among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Alicante site.; Name in original file:Plagiocardium papillosum
Venus verrucosa is a suspension-feeding bivalve living in mud to muddy sands.; Name in original file:Venus verrucosa
(Octopus vulgaris), echinoids (like Sphaerechinus granularis and Spatangus purpureus) and demersal fish (like Pagellus erythrinus, Mullus surmuletus and Serranus hepatus] disturb the surface crust of bound maerl off Alicante and Malta, during their bottomforaging activities.; Name in original file:Octopus vulgaris
Name in original file:Cellaria salicornoides
Name in original file:Myriapora truncata
Name in original file:Pentapora fascialis
Name in original file:Scrupocellaria scrupea
Name in original file:Sertella septentrionalis (Harmer. 1933)
Name in original file:Antedon mediterranea
Name in original file:Astropecten aranciacus
Name in original file:Echinaster sepositus
Name in original file:Ophiomyxa pentagona
Ophiothrix fragilis was not abundant on Alicante maerl grounds. It was only collected at the control site. This species is a suspension feeder with a broad ecological distribution (Picard, 1965), mainly on hard bottoms. It lives amongst the maerl thalli and sessile animals. Frequently, this species is associated with sessile animals (sponges, ascidians, bryozoans, cnidarians), and amongst the maerl thalli, where it can find some refuge. That might explain its absence from the impacted site, i.e. due to the loss of the maerl spatial complexity and mechanical attrition of sessile animals caused by bottom trawling. Therefore, we could consider Ophiothrix fragilis as a good indicator species of impact.; Name in original file:Ophiothrix fragilis
This species is among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance, biomass and degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Alicante site investigated.Ophiura grubei was fairly common on the Alicante maerl beds. It was collected in quantitative quadrats at the impacted site, but only observed in dredge samples at the control site.; Name in original file:Ophiura grubei
this species is associated preferentially with maerl bottoms and characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses (mainly maerl). It is among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Alicante site investigated.; Name in original file:Ophioconis forbesi
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance and biomass) from the Alicante site investigated. Amphipholis squamata was the most abundant ophiuroid both in terms of numbers and biomass on Alicante maerl grounds. It was present both on the control and impacted sites, and in almost all the seasonal samples (excepting spring 1997 at the impacted site). Amphipholis squamata may be a good species to characterize the mechanical disturbance caused by trawling.; Name in original file:Amphipholis squamata
This species is characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses and it is associated preferentially with maerl bottoms; Name in original file:Ophiura albida
This species is among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from the Alicante site investigated and it is characteristic of the coastal detritic biocoenoses (mainly maerl).; Name in original file:Genocidaris maculata
Cephalopods (Octopus vulgaris), echinoids (like Sphaerechinus granularis and Spatangus purpureus) and demersal fish (like Pagellus erythrinus, Mullus surmuletus and Serranus hepatus) disturb the surface crust of bound maerl off Alicante and Malta, during their bottomforaging activities.; Name in original file:Sphaerechinus granularis
Among the animals, only a few species like Echinocyamus pusillus was present at all BIOMAERL sites investigated and spanned the Atlanto-Mediterranean divide. This species is among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance and biomass) from the Alicante site investigated.This species is a micrograzer.; Name in original file:Echinocyamus pusillus
Cephalopods (Octopus vulgaris), echinoids (like Sphaerechinus granularis and Spatangus purpureus) and demersal fish (like Pagellus erythrinus, Mullus surmuletus and Serranus hepatus) disturb the surface crust of bound maerl off Alicante and Malta, during their bottomforaging activities.; Name in original file:Spatangus purpureus
Name in original file:Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin. 1788
Name in original file:Holothuria impatiens
The lancelet Branchiostoma lanceolatum has been recorded as a species forming its own biocoenosis in fine oxygenated sands (Sánchez-Mata, 1996) named Amphioxus sands. It is fed upon by various crustaceans, sea anemones and fishes.; Name in original file:Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1776)
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of biomass) from the Alicante site investigated.; Name in original file:Polycarpa mamillaris (Gaertner, 1774)
Name in original file:Polysyncraton bilobatum
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance and biomass) from the Alicante site investigated. Colonial species of the genus Didemnum have appeared in almost all the samples. The population density of colonies in control samples was rather higher than in those from the impacted ground. This may be explicable in terms of differences in sedimentology and granulometry between sites. The majority (nearly 100 % ) of the colonies were tiny and immature, so there have been many problems in trying to determine them to species. The mature colonies were all D. corìaceum, so a comparison was done of zooid morphology and spiculae with the smaller specimens. Fifty percent congruity resulted. The remainder of the colonies could be D. maculosum, or even D. corìaceum.; Name in original file:Didemnum coriaceum
Name in original file:Rhopalaea neapolilana
Name in original file:Hippocampus hippocampus
Name in original file:Trigloporus lastoviza
Name in original file:Pagellus erythrinus
Name in original file:Spondyliosoma cantharus
Name in original file:Blennius ocellaris
Name in original file:Hincksia sandriana
Name in original file:Monophorus perversus
Name in original file:Diplodonta rotundata
Name in original file:Lithophyllum expansum
Name in original file:Ceramium flaccidum
Name in original file:Calcynus erithropus
GPS.Spatial extent of maerl 3.50ha. Impacted site.
Hydroplane observations,Scuba maerl sampling,Naturalist's dredge and Van Veen grabs samples,Physicochemical parameters-niskin bottles,diver quadrats,cores,in situ UW photography and video,runner dredge, mark buoy,resin,beam trawl,UW television.
Name in original file:Chroodactylon ornatum
Name in original file:Falkembergia rufulanosa
Name in original file:Corallina elongata
the bottom of the Marine Reserve of Tabarca Island was predominantly organogenic coarse sand and gravel cover by more or less parallel strips of small corallinacea thaïes (mean of 11.8mm) with a mean bottom cover of 21%. Lithothamnion cf. corallioides, Phymatolithon calcareum, Lithophylum duckeri and Mesophyllum lichenoides were the predominant calcareous algae; Name in original file:Mesophyllum lichenoides
This was one of the commonest calcareous algae at the control site and one of the main maerl-forming species. It was not detected at the impacted site.; Name in original file:Lithothamnion minervae
Among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterranean sites investigated by BIOMAERL; Name in original file:Lithophyllum racemus
among the dominant maerl-forming coralline algae; Name in original file:Lithothamnion valens
the most common calcareous Corallinaceae at the impacted site. The shape was open branched and thalli were all very small (10mm max. length), and patchy in spatial distribution. The small size may be due to the impact of trawling and to the importance of the fine fraction in sediments from the impacted site. It was present in all seasonal samples. Present at UAI-48; Name in original file:Lithothamnion corallioides
Phymatolithon calcareum, is among the predominant calcareous algae in the Alicante site. Only few species, like Phymatolithon calcareum, ocurred in all regions studied (and these have not necessarily been designated universally as key species). P. calcareum was not present at the impacted site, so no comparisons can be made.; Name in original file:Phymatolithon calcareum
Among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterranean sites investigated by BIOMAERL.; Name in original file:Cryptonemia tunaeformis
sediment-binding species, like Aglaozonia chilosa, Polysiphonia subulifera, Feldmannophycus rayssiae, Pterosiphonia pennata and Gelidiella cf. caldcóla, were similar in both control and impacted grounds.; Name in original file:Feldmannophycus rayssiae
Name in original file:Erythrotrichia carnea
Name in original file:Cryptonemia lomation
among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterranean sites investigated by BIOMAERL. At the impacted site, the dominant species was the soft Peyssonnelia orientalis, i.e. a more opportunistic species. It was the most abundant macroalga both in terms of cover and biomass at the impacted site. It dominated the algal assemblage there, creating the habitat for the great part of the vagile invertebrates encountered.Also present at UAI-48.; Name in original file:Peyssonnelia orientalis
The Mediterranean sites supported Lithophyllum racemus, Lithothamnion minervae and L. valens as major maerl-formers with Peyssonnelia rosa-marina and an, as yet, undescribed species of Mesophyllum (J.Cabioch, pers.comm. to J.H.-S.) being common as components of rhodoliths.; Name in original file:Peyssonnelia rosa-marina
Present at UAI-36, UAI-44, UAI-45.; Name in original file:Peyssonnelia rubra
more abundant at the control site.; Name in original file:Phyllophora crispa
Name in original file:Centroceras cinnabarium
Name in original file:Monosporus pedicellatus
Name in original file:Polysiphonia furcellata
Name in original file:Laurencia microcladia
Name in original file:Polysiphonia subulifera
Name in original file:Rytiphloea tinctoria
Name in original file:Osmundaria volubilis
Name in original file:Elichistia stellaris
Name in original file:Aglaozonia chilosa
Name in original file:Halopteris filicina
Name in original file:Halopteris scoparia
Name in original file:Dictyota dichotoma
Name in original file:Arthrocladia villosa
Name in original file:Cystoseira spinosa
Name in original file:Valonia macrophysa
Name in original file:Cladophora rupestris
Name in original file:Flabellia petiolata
Name in original file:Codium bursa (Linnaeus) C. Agardh
Name in original file:Caryophyllia smithii
Name in original file:Laetmonice hystrix
Name in original file:Harmothoe maxillospinosa
Name in original file:Harmothoe reticulata
Name in original file:Hyalinoecia brementi
Name in original file:Hyalinoecia fauveli
Name in original file:Pectinaria auricoma
Name in original file:Vermiliopsis striaticeps
Name in original file:Perioculodes aequimanus
Name in original file:Lysianassa longicornis Lucas. 1849
Name in original file:Iphimedia minuta G. O. Sars, 1882
Name in original file:Ampelisca pseudospinimana
Name in original file:Corophium rotundirostre
Name in original file:Periclimenes scriptus
Name in original file:Paguristes eremita
Name in original file:Ebalia edwardsi Costa, 1838
Name in original file:Parthenope massena
Name in original file:Jujubinus exasperatus
Name in original file:Turritella turbona
Name in original file:Gregariella subclavata
Name in original file:Hexaplex trunculus
Name in original file:Dentalium panormum Chenu. 1842
Name in original file:Acanthocardia aculeata
Name in original file:Plagiocardium papillosum
Name in original file:Clausinella brongniartii
UAI-44; Name in original file:Myriapora truncata
Name in original file:Margaretta cereoides
Name in original file:Ophioconis forbesi (Holler. 1863) Cams. 1885
was the most abundant ophiuroid both in terms of numbers and biomass on Alicante maerl grounds.; Name in original file:Amphipholis squamata
It was collected from both control and impacted sites and was found in most of the grab samples.; Name in original file:Genocidaris maculata
present at all BIOMAERL sites investigated.; Name in original file:Echinocyamus pusillus
present at both sites.; Name in original file:Spatangus purpureus
Name in original file:Polycarpa mamillaris (Gaertner, 1774)
the genus Didemnum have appeared in almost all the samples. The population density of colonies in control samples was rather higher than in those from the impacted ground. This may be explicable in terms of differences in sedimentology and granulometry between sites.; Name in original file:Didemnum coriaceum
Name in original file:Aulopus filamentosa
Name in original file:Vanneaugobius pruvoti
it is recorded only in the survey reports; Name in original file:Hippocampus hippocampus
it is recorded only in the survey reports; Name in original file:Monochirus hispidus
GPS.Spatial extent of maerl- extensive. Impacted site.
Rivularia polyotis Roth ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886; Name in original file:Rivularia polyotis
Physicochemical parameters, Maltese shrimp dredge,bottom set gill-nets, van Veen grab samples,tested box-corer, Scuba divers.
Calothrix C.Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886; Name in original file:Calothrix sp.
Lyngbya C.Agardh ex Gomont, 1892; Name in original file:Lyngbya sp.
Acrochaetium virgatulum (Harvey) Batters, 1902; Name in original file:Acrochaetium virgatulum (Harvey) J. Agardh
Gelidiella Feldmann & G.Hamel, 1934; Name in original file:Gelidiella sp.
Name in original file:Neogoniolithon brassica-florida
Hydrolithon farinosum (J.V.Lamouroux) Penrose & Y.M.Chamberlain, 1993 , according to the authorship of the original paper there is also the option of Hydrolithon farinosum f. callithamnioides (Foslie) Serio, 1994; Name in original file:Hydrolithon farinosum (Foslie) Serio
Name in original file:Lithophyllum incrustans
The most common maerl-forming species of the Maltese maerl grounds are Phymatolithon calcareumILithothamnion minervae (these two species are difficult to tell apart superficially) and Lithothamnion corallioides.; Name in original file:Lithothamnion minervae
Mesophyllum Me.Lemoine, 1928; Name in original file:Mesophyllum sp.
The most common maerl-forming species of the Maltese maerl grounds are Phymatolithon calcareumILithothamnion minervae (these two species are difficult to tell apart superficially) and Lithothamnion corallioides.; Name in original file:Lithothamnion corallioides
The most common maerl-forming species of the Maltese maerl grounds are Phymatolithon calcareumILithothamnion minervae (these two species are difficult to tell apart superficially) and Lithothamnion corallioides.; Name in original file:Phymatolithon calcareum
among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterranean sites investigated by BIOMAERL; Name in original file:Cryptonemia tunaeformis
J.Agardh, 1852; Name in original file:Cordylecladia sp.
Feldmann-Mazoyer, 1941; Name in original file:Aglaothamnion sp.
Lyngbye, 1819; Name in original file:Callithamnion sp.
Harvey, 1846; Name in original file:Seirospora sp.
Name in original file:Ceramium tenerrimum
Name in original file:Aglaothamnion tenuissimum
Name in original file:Chondria capillaris
Name in original file:Polysiphonia cf.ornata
Halopithys incurva (Hudson) Batters, 1902; Name in original file:Halopitys incurvus (Hudson) Batters
Name in original file:Laurencia minuta ssp. scammacae
Name in original file:Polysiphonia mottei
Name in original file:Womersleyella setacea
Name in original file:Polysiphonia setigera
J.V.Lamouroux, 1813/ Among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterranean sites investigated by BIOMAERL; Name in original file:Laurencia sp.1
Greville, 1823; Name in original file:Polysiphonia sp.1
J.V.Lamouroux, 1813; Name in original file:Laurencia sp.2
Greville, 1823; Name in original file:Polysiphonia sp.2
J.V.Lamouroux, 1813; Name in original file:Laurencia sp.3
The most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterranean sites investigated by BIOMAERL; Name in original file:Polysiphonia spinosa
The most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterranean sites investigated by BIOMAERL; Name in original file:Rytiphloea tinctoria
Name in original file:Cladosiphon irregularis
Name in original file:Myriactula rivulariae
Myriactula Kuntze, 1898; Name in original file:Myriactula sp.
Stilophora rhizodes (C.Agardh) J.Agardh, 1841; Name in original file:Stilophora rhizodes (Tumerr) J. Agardh
Cutleria Greville, 1830; Name in original file:Cutleria sp.
Sphacelaria Lyngbye, 1818; Name in original file:Sphacelaria sp.
among the most important maerl-ground macroalgae from Mediterranean sites investigated by BIOMAERL; Name in original file:Halopteris filicina
Dictyopteris polypodioides (A.P.De Candolle) J.V.Lamouroux, 1809; Name in original file:Dictyopteris polypodioides (DC.) Lamouroux
Name in original file:Dictyota mediterranea
Dictyota J.V.Lamouroux, 1809; Name in original file:Dictyota sp.
Dictyota dichotoma figures as an important non-coralline algal species on maerl grounds in both provinces (Atlantic and Mediterranean); Name in original file:Dictyota dichotoma
Name in original file:Cystoseira cf.dubia
Cystoseira corniculata (Turner) Zanardini, 1841 / Most of the larger algae on maerl beds are species adapted to live on mobile substrata, e.g. Cystoseira corniculata and Flabelliapetiolata; Name in original file:Cystoseira corniculata (Wulfen) Zanardini
Cystoseira C.Agardh, 1820; Name in original file:Cystoseira sp.
Name in original file:Valonia utricularis
Name in original file:Cladophora patentiramea
Cladophora Kützing, 1843; Name in original file:Cladophora sp.
Microdictyon tenuius J.E.Gray, 1866; Name in original file:Microdictyon tenuius (G.Agardh) Decaisne
Flabellia petiolata was very common on Maltese maerl grounds where this alga is a very important binder of maerl sediment.; Name in original file:Flabellia petiolata
Codium bursa (Olivi) C.Agardh, 1817.; Name in original file:Codium bursa (Linnaeus) C. Agardh
Oncholaimidae Filipjev, 1916.; Name in original file:Oncholaimidae sp.5
Name in original file:Aspidosiphon muelleri
Phyllodocidae Örsted, 1843.; Name in original file:Phyllodocidae spp.
Glycera convoluta Keferstein, 1862.; Name in original file:Glycera convoluta Rioja. 1918
Eunice vinata was regarded as a high-fidelity species in Brittany but, off Malta, it occurred in seagrass (Posidonia) beds as well as maerl.; Name in original file:Eunice vittata
Lysidice ninetta was very common on Maltese maerl grounds and occurred at both the impacted and control sites. The feeding habits of this polychaete are not known with certainty but it is either a carnivore or an omnivore.; Name in original file:Lysidice ninetta
Collocheres Canu, 1893.; Name in original file:Collocheres sp.a
Collocheres Canu, 1893.; Name in original file:Collocheres sp.b
Praunus Leach, 1814.; Name in original file:Praunus sp.1
Name in original file:Hippomedon oculatus
Lysianassa longicornis (Lucas, 1846).; Name in original file:Lysianassa longicornis Lucas. 1849
Lysianassa costae was one of the most common amphipods on the Maltese maerl grounds studied. It was found on both control and impacted sites and was present in nearly all the grab samples collected.; Name in original file:Lysianassa costae
Name in original file:Socarnes pilicornis
Name in original file:Liljeborgia dellavallei
Ceradocus (Ceradocus) orchestiipes Costa, 1853.; Name in original file:Ceradocus orchestiipes
Maera grossimana was one of the most common amphipods on the Maltese maerl grounds studied. It was found on both the control and impacted sites and was present in nearly all the grab samples collected.; Name in original file:Maera grossimana
Ampithoe ramondii was quite common on the Maltese maerl grounds studied. It was found on both control and impacted sites and was present in nearly all the grab samples collected. This tubicolous amphipod feeds on decaying macroalgae.; Name in original file:Ampithoe ramondi
Name in original file:Leptocheirus bispinosus
Cyathura Norman & Stebbing, 1886.; Name in original file:Cyathura sp.a
Eurydice Leach, 1815.; Name in original file:Eurydice sp. 1
Eurydice Leach, 1815.; Name in original file:Eurydice sp.b
Eurydice Leach, 1815.; Name in original file:Eurydice sp.a
Astacilla Cordiner, 1793.; Name in original file:Astacilla sp.1
Leptochelia savignyi was common on the Maltese maerl grounds studied, especially at the control site. This tanaid is known to build tubes which are attached to solid substrata. Leptochelia savignyi is probably a deposit- or suspension-feeder (or both).; Name in original file:Leptochelia savignyi
Name in original file:Alpheus macrocheles
Thoralus cranchii, may be a good indicator of the algal cover (refuge availability).; Name in original file:Thoralus cranchii
Processa Leach, 1815 [in Leach, 1815-1875].; Name in original file:Processa sp.1
Among species that seem to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms in Mediterranean waters.; Name in original file:Paguristes eremita
Name in original file:Anapagurus breviaculeatus
Galathea intermedia was present at all BIOMAERL sites investigated.; Name in original file:Galathea intermedia
Name in original file:Parthenope expansa
It was found at low abundances in both control and impacted. This gastropod is a herbivore and micrograzer on surface films of microscopic algae. In general, micrograzers (such as Jujubinus exasperatus) seemed to be more abundant at the Maltese impacted site, and this is probably related to the presence there of larger and more compact rhodoliths.; Name in original file:Jujubinus exasperatus
Bittiwn latreillii is a surface-dwelling detrivorous gastropod which was very common on Maltese maerl grounds. It was found at both control and impacted sites and it reached relatively high abundances when compared with other fauna.; Name in original file:Bittium latreillii
Turritella turbona was fairly common on Maltese maerl grounds and it was present on both control and impacted sites. It is a suspension-feeding gastropod that appears to embed itself in the uppermost layers of the maerl.; Name in original file:Turritella turbona
Barleeia unifasciata was quite abundant at the impacted site but was absent from the control ground. This gastropod is known to feed on algae and epiphytic diatoms.; Name in original file:Barleeia unifasciata
Name in original file:Crepidula unguiformis
Name in original file:Phalium granulatum
Name in original file:Cosmotriphora pseudocanarica
Name in original file:Colubraria reticulata
Name in original file:Dermomurex scalaroides
Name in original file:Ocinebr?na aciculata
Name in original file:Williamia gussonii
Name in original file:Volvarina mitrella
Name in original file:Clathromangelia quadrillum
Name in original file:Haedropleura secalina
Although it was found at both the impacted and control sites, only very few live individuals were collected. The feeding habit of this opisthobranch is uncertain and the literature reports it to be either a predator on small bivalves or a grazer on algae.; Name in original file:Haminoea hydatis
species that seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms, in Mediterranean waters.; Name in original file:Glycymeris glycymeris
species that seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms, in Mediterranean waters; Name in original file:Chlamys flexuosa
Name in original file:Lissopecten hyalinus
Digitarla digitarla was a relatively common bivalve on Maltese maerl grounds which was collected from both control and impacted sites. It is a very small (length c. 5mm) filter-feeding bivalve which finds shelter between the maerl thalli.; Name in original file:Digitaria digitaria
Name in original file:Gonilia calliglypta
Glans trapezia (Linnaeus, 1767).; Name in original file:Glans trapezia (Linnaeus. 1758)
Pteromeris minuta is a filter-feeding bivalve which was fairly common on Maltese maerl grounds. It was found at both the control and impacted sites and was present in nearly all the grab samples collected.; Name in original file:Pteromeris minuta
Name in original file:Arcopella balaustina
Name in original file:Pseudochama gryphina
Name in original file:Argyrotheca cuneata
Name in original file:Celleporina caminata
Name in original file:Cigclisula turrita
Name in original file:Hagiosynodus latus
Name in original file:Lichenopora radiata
Micropora Gray, 1848.; Name in original file:Micropora sp.
Rhynchozoon Hincks, 1895.; Name in original file:Rhynchozoon sp.
Reteporella sudbournensis (Gautier, 1962).; Name in original file:Sertella sudbourniensis
Schizoporella Hincks, 1877.; Name in original file:Schizoporella sp.
The most conspicuous and abundant macrofaunal species is probably the echinoid Stylocidaris affinis which was collected mostly by the dredge samples.; Name in original file:Stylocidaris affinis
Genocidaris maculata is a small (max. diameter ca 9.0mm) regular echinoid that was fairly common on the Maltese maerl grounds studied. It was collected from both control and impacted sites and was found in most of the grab samples. Its feeding habits are not known with certainty, but it is possibly a deposit-feeder or a micrograzer. It appears to be a surface dweller.; Name in original file:Genocidaris maculata
Echinocyamus pusillus was one of the most common echinoderms on the Maltese maerl grounds studied. It was collected from nearly all the grab samples throughout the two sampling years and was found on both control and impacted sites. This sea urchin is a deposit feeder and micrograzer that lives in cavities and narrow spaces near the surface of the maerl.; Name in original file:Echinocyamus pusillus
Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1774).; Name in original file:Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1776)
Ascidia Linnaeus, 1767.; Name in original file:Ascidia sp.
Name in original file:Cystodytes dellechiajei
Name in original file:Didemnum coriaceum
Name in original file:Halocynthia papillosa
Name in original file:Microcosmus claudicans
Name in original file:Monochirus hispidus
Name in original file:Dactylopterus volitans
Fish were clearly more abundant at the impacted site, while only Mullus surmuletus was common to both grounds.; Name in original file:Mullus surmuletus
Trachinus Linnaeus, 1758.; Name in original file:Trachinus sp.
Name in original file:Echiichthys vipera
GPS.Spatial extent of maerl-extensive. Control site.
Lyngbya C.Agardh ex Gomont, 1892; Name in original file:Aphanocapsa littoralis Hansgirg
Name in original file:Acrochaetium savianum
Gelidium J.V. Lamouroux, 1813; Name in original file:Gelidium sp.
Gigartina teedei (Mertens ex Roth) J.V.Lamouroux, 1813; Name in original file:Gigartina teedii (Roth) Lamouroux
Decaisne, 1841\ European maerl beds are composed of a dozen or more species of calcareous red algae in the families Corallinaceae and Peyssonneliaceae, with the latter being more prominent in the Mediterranean than the Atlantic; Name in original file:Peyssonnelia sp.
Name in original file:Botryocladia microphysa
Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey, 1833; Name in original file:Sphyridia filamentosa
Name in original file:Lejolisia mediterranea
Dasya punicea (Zanardini) Meneghini ex Zanardini, 1841; Name in original file:Dasya punicea Meneghini
Name in original file:Laurencia cf.paniculata
Name in original file:Streblocladia collabens
Name in original file:Halodictyon mirabile
(C.Agardh) Zanardini, 1841; Name in original file:Polysiphonia ruchingeri C. Agardh
Polysiphonia urceolata (Lightfoot ex Dillwyn) Greville, 1824; Name in original file:Polysiphonia urceolata
?ecatonema Sauvageau, 1898 '1897'; Name in original file:Hecatonema sp.
Name in original file:Scytosiphon simplicissimus
Leathesia S.F.Gray, 1821; Name in original file:Leathesia sp.
Zanardinia prototypus Zanardini, 1841; Name in original file:Zanardinia prototypus (Nardo) Nardo
Name in original file:Zonaria tournefortii
Name in original file:Bolbocoleon piliferum
Name in original file:Ulothrix subflaccida
Name in original file:Rhizoclonium kochianum
Name in original file:Dasycladus vermicularis
Epizoanthus Gray, 1867.; Name in original file:Epizoanthus sp.
Name in original file:Phyllodoce paretti
Name in original file:Eusyllis lamelligera
Autolytus Grube, 1850.; Name in original file:Autolytus sp.
Nereis Linnaeus, 1758/ among the most important invertebrate species distinguished in terms of biomass from the control site investigated.; Name in original file:Nereis sp.
Aponuphis grubii (Marenzeller, 1886).; Name in original file:Aponuphis grubei
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance and biomass from the BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Lumbrineris gracilis
Paraonidae Cerruti, 1909.; Name in original file:Paraonidae spp.
Name in original file:Spiophanes kroyeri
Phyllochaetopterus socialis Claparède, 1869.; Name in original file:Phyllochaetopterus socialis Claparède, 1870
Heterocirrus Grube, 1855.; Name in original file:Heterocirrus sp.1
Tharyx Webster & Benedict, 1887.; Name in original file:Tharyx sp.1
Capitomastus minimus (Langerhans, 1881).; Name in original file:Capitomastus minimus
Notomastus profundus (Eisig, 1887).; Name in original file:Notomastus profundis
Scalibregma Rathke, 1843.; Name in original file:Scalibregma sp.1
Leprea (Terebella); Name in original file:Terebella spp.
Name in original file:Thelepus cincinnatus
Thelepus Leuckart, 1849.; Name in original file:Thelepus .sp.1
Name in original file:Branchiomma vesiculosum
Dialychone acustica Claparède, 1868.; Name in original file:Dialychone acustica
Fabricia Blainville, 1828.; Name in original file:Fabricia sp.
Jasmineira Langerhans, 1880.; Name in original file:Jasmineira sp.
Oridia armandi (Claparède, 1864).; Name in original file:Oridia armandi
Myxicola infundibulum (Renier, 1847); Name in original file:Myxicola infundibulum (Renier, 1804)
Sabella Linnaeus, 1767.; Name in original file:Sabella spp.
Collocheres Canu, 1893; Name in original file:Collocheres sp.b
Name in original file:Rissoides desmaresti
Name in original file:Monoculodes acutipes
Urothoe elegans (Spence Bate, 1857).; Name in original file:Urothoe elegans (Bate. 1856)
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance) from Malta (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Dexamine spinosa
Ampelisca Krøyer, 1842.; Name in original file:Ampelisca sp.1
Aoridae Stebbing, 1899.; Name in original file: Aoridae indet.
Palaemon Weber, 1795.; Name in original file:Palaemon sp.1.
Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888/ Alpheus Fabricius, 1798.; Name in original file:Synalpheus/Alpheus sp.1
Hippolyte Leach, 1814 [in Leach, 1813-1814].; Name in original file:Hippolyte sp.1
Name in original file:Palicus caronii (Roux. 1828)
Name in original file:Philocheras sculptus
Name in original file:Upogebia nitidamediterranea
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of frequency/abundance and biomass ) from Malta's BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Anapagurus breviaculeatus
one of the most common decapods of the Maltese maerl grounds. It was found in relatively high numbers and was present in nearly all the grab samples collected. This hermit crab is omnivorous but is mainly a deposit feeder. It probably seeks shelter in cavities and narrow spaces on the surface of the maerl.; Name in original file:Cestopagurus timidus
Dardanus arrosor (Herbst, 1796).; Name in original file:Dardanus arrosor (Herbst. 1791)
Name in original file:Paguros cf.forbesii
Pagurus Fabricius, 1775.; Name in original file:Pagurus sp.1
Inachus thoracicus Roux, 1830.; Name in original file:Inachus thoracicus aguarii
Pisa Leach, 1814.; Name in original file:Pisa sp.
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from Malta's BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Parthenope massena
Name in original file:Liocarcinus maculatus
Liocarcinus Stimpson, 1871.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus sp.1
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from Malta's BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Liocarcinus zariquieyi
It was found at low abundances in both control and impacted. This gastropod is a herbivore and micrograzer on surface films of microscopic algae.; Name in original file:Jujubinus exasperatus
Name in original file:Cerithium lividulum
Cerithiopsis fayalensis R. B. Watson, 1880.; Name in original file:Cerithiopsis fayalensis Watson. 1886
Name in original file:Rissoina bruguieri
Name in original file:Chauvetia turritellata
Muricopsis Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882.; Name in original file:Muricopsis sp.
Name in original file:Odostomia conoidea
species that seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms, in Mediterranean waters.; Name in original file:Chlamys flexuosa
species that seems to be associated preferentially with maerl bottoms, in Mediterranean waters; Name in original file:Palliolum incomparabile
Name in original file:Neolepton sulcatulum
Name in original file:Venericardia antiquata
among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of maerl-ground fidelity) from Malta's BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Antedon mediterranea
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from Malta's BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Neolampas rostellata
Among the most important invertebrate species (distinguished in terms of degree of maerl-ground fidelity) from Malta's BIOMAERL (control) sites investigated.; Name in original file:Plagiobrissus costai
Diplosoma Macdonald, 1859.; Name in original file:Diplosoma sp.
Name in original file:Scyliorhinus stellaris
Scorpaena Linnaeus, 1758.; Name in original file:Scorpaena sp.
Name in original file:Diplodonta apicalis